A Mixed Methods Pilot Trial of the STEP Home Workshop to Improve Reintegration and Reduce Suicide Risk for Recently Transitioned Veterans (SH-SP)
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ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05995678 |
Recruitment Status :
Recruiting
First Posted : August 16, 2023
Last Update Posted : March 12, 2024
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Condition or disease | Intervention/treatment | Phase |
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TBI Suicide Prevention Veterans PTSD Transdiagnostic Anger | Behavioral: STEP-Home-SP Behavioral: Transition Assistance Program Behavioral: VA Solid Start | Not Applicable |
Study Type : | Interventional (Clinical Trial) |
Estimated Enrollment : | 120 participants |
Allocation: | Randomized |
Intervention Model: | Parallel Assignment |
Intervention Model Description: | Following T1 baseline assessment, participants will be randomized to STEP-Home-SP + Usual Care or Usual Care (UC) using randomly permuted block sizes stratified by presence or absence of SI. |
Masking: | None (Open Label) |
Primary Purpose: | Prevention |
Official Title: | A Mixed Methods Pilot Trial of the STEP Home Workshop to Improve Reintegration and Reduce Suicide Risk for Recently Transitioned Veterans |
Actual Study Start Date : | March 1, 2024 |
Estimated Primary Completion Date : | May 31, 2027 |
Estimated Study Completion Date : | May 31, 2027 |
Arm | Intervention/treatment |
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Experimental: STEP-Home-SP + Usual Care
The core skills of emotional regulation and problem solving are introduced and integrated throughout all Veteran-specific reintegration content modules for practice and repetition for 12 weeks. Attention training augments emotional regulation and problem solving core skills and is interspersed throughout group and individual sessions. Additional 30-minute individual skill building and goal setting sessions occur ~4-6 times based on individual Veteran needs
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Behavioral: STEP-Home-SP
This group will meet for ~1.5 hours/week for 12 weeks. The core skills of Emotional Regulation (ER) and Problem Solving (PS) are introduced and then integrated throughout all Veteran-specific content modules for practice and repetition for 12 weeks. Attention training augments ER and PS skills and is interspersed throughout the group and individual sessions. Additional 30-minute individual skills building and goal setting sessions occur up to 6 times based on individual Veteran needs. STEP-Home staff will work in pairs to run workshops per established protocols. Workshops will be conducted via VA approved video telehealth. Behavioral: Transition Assistance Program Provides training, skills, and information to help transitioning service members and their families prepare for the military to civilian transition. Each service member works with a TAP counselor to identify needs and post transition goals to build an Individual Transition Plan, in addition to TAP core curriculum courses.
Other Name: TAP Behavioral: VA Solid Start VA Solid Start includes a series of outreach calls and emails to all Veterans at 90-, 180-, and 365-days post service separation. Callers follow a standard script to describe services available through VA and provide contact information for desired services. |
Active Comparator: Usual Care
UC will include the Transition Assistance Program (TAP) as scheduled by DOD prior to military separation, VA Solid Start post-separation, and educational augmentation post-separation.
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Behavioral: Transition Assistance Program
Provides training, skills, and information to help transitioning service members and their families prepare for the military to civilian transition. Each service member works with a TAP counselor to identify needs and post transition goals to build an Individual Transition Plan, in addition to TAP core curriculum courses.
Other Name: TAP Behavioral: VA Solid Start VA Solid Start includes a series of outreach calls and emails to all Veterans at 90-, 180-, and 365-days post service separation. Callers follow a standard script to describe services available through VA and provide contact information for desired services. |
- Feasibility- recruitment interest [ Time Frame: Through study completion, an average of one year. ]ratio interested of those approached for the workshop
- Feasibility- enrollment [ Time Frame: Through study completion, an average of one year. ]Ratio enrolled (consented) of those approached, greater than 20% of those interested enroll in the proposed time frame
- Feasibility- qualitative via Narrative Evaluation of Intervention Interview [ Time Frame: Through study completion, an average of 3 months. ]Identification of challenges and facilitators during the recruitment process as assessed by study staff as well as feedback from focus group participants generated using the Narrative Evaluation of Intervention Interview (NEII). This is an interview composed of 16 open ended questions that allows participants to evaluate the process and outcomes of the intervention. Reviewers will generate a list of themes based on the responses to this interview.
- Feasibility- Treatment Fidelity/adherence [ Time Frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 week. ]Supervisor and therapist Likert rating of adherence to content for core skills and treatment modules, less than 20% deviations on a treatment fidelity scale. Lower scores indicate stronger treatment fidelity, with each question being answered on a scale from 1 (Strongly Agree) to 5 (Strongly Disagree).
- Acceptability- Veteran adherence [ Time Frame: Through study completion, an average of one year. ]Attendance rate for the 12-session workshop
- Acceptability- Quantitative satisfaction via Client satisfaction questionnaire Change [ Time Frame: Assessed at baseline (0 weeks), T4 (after 12 weeks), and T5 (after 24 weeks) ]Client satisfaction questionnaire (CSQ-8), total scores range from 8 to 32 with higher scores indicating higher satisfaction. A priori criteria is that greater than 80% of participants will score greater that a 24 on the CSQ-8.
- Reintegration status- Military to Civilian Questionnaire (M2CQ) Change [ Time Frame: Assessed at screening, baseline (0 weeks), T4 (after 12 weeks) and T5 (after 24 weeks) ]16 questions are answered on a scale from 0 (no difficulty) to 4 (extreme difficulty), with lower scores indicating more successful reintegration.
- Engagement in VA Care [ Time Frame: Assessed at baseline (0 weeks), T4 (after 12 weeks), and T5 (after 24 weeks) ]Electronic medical record data (if available) showing occurrence of one or more healthcare appointments
- Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS) [ Time Frame: Assessed at baseline (0 weeks), T2 (after 4 weeks), T3 (after 8 weeks), T4 (after 12 weeks), and T5 (after 24 weeks) ]36 statements are each ranked on the following scale by participants: 1 almost never (0-10%), 2 sometimes (11-35%), 3 about half the time (36-55%), 4 most of the time (66-90%), or 5 almost always (91-100%). This produces scores for 6 subscales: nonacceptance of emotional responses; difficulty engaging in goal-directed behavior; impulse control difficulties; lack of emotional awareness; limited access to emotion regulation strategies; lack of emotional clarity.
- Problem Solving Inventory (PSI) [ Time Frame: Assessed at baseline (0 weeks), T2 (after 4 weeks), T3 (after 8 weeks), T4 (after 12 weeks), and T5 (after 24 weeks) ]Participants rank 35 statements on a Likert scale from 1 (strongly agree) to 6 (strongly disagree). This generates a total score and 3 subscale scores for the following categories: Approach Avoidance, Personal Control, and Problem Solving Confidence.
- Attention-Related Cognitive Errors Scale (ARCES) [ Time Frame: Assessed at baseline (0 weeks), T2 (after 4 weeks), T3 (after 8 weeks), T4 (after 12 weeks), and T5 (after 24 weeks) ]12 questions are ranked on a Likert Scale from 1 (never) to 5 (very often) with higher scores indicating more frequent attention related cognitive errors.
- Suicidal Ideation- The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) [ Time Frame: Assessed at screening, baseline (0 weeks), T2 (after 4 weeks), T3 (after 8 weeks), T4 (after 12 weeks), and T5 (after 24 weeks). Will also be administered as needed following workshop sessions. ]Participants are asked 5 questions designed to assess severity of suicide risk. Questions are answered yes or no, with endorsement of active suicidal ideation with intent being considered high risk and suicidal ideation without intent considered moderate risk.
- Post-deployment Readjustment Inventory (PDRI) [ Time Frame: Assessed at screening, baseline (0 weeks), T4 (after 12 weeks), and T5 (after 24 weeks) ]36 statements are ranked by participants on a scale from 1 (not at all) to 5 (extremely). Total score is calculated by the sum of each of the subscales: Career, Health, Intimate relationships, social readjustment, concerns about deployment, and PTSD symptoms. Higher scores indicate less successful post-deployment readjustment.
- State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-2) [ Time Frame: Assessed at screening, baseline (0 weeks), T4 (after 12 weeks), and T5 (after 24 weeks) ]Measures the experience, expression, and control of anger. Participants rank each of the statements on a scale of 1 (not at all) to 4 (very much so) for section 1 and 1 (almost never) to 4 (almost always) for sections 2 and 3. Higher scores indicate high experience/expression and low control of anger.
- Functional status measured using the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 12-item (WHODAS-2.0) [ Time Frame: Assessed at baseline (0 weeks), T4 (after 12 weeks), and T5 (after 24 weeks) ]Participants indicate how much difficulty they have had in the last 30 days for each of the statements on the assessment on a scale from 0 (none) to 4 (Extreme/cannot do). Higher scores indicate greater levels of disability.
- Stigma- Perceived Barriers to Care Survey [ Time Frame: Assessed at baseline (0 weeks), T2 (after 4 weeks), T3 (after 8 weeks), T4 (after 12 weeks), and T5 (after 24 weeks) ]Participants rank each of the survey items on the scale from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree) with lower scores indicating that the item is a greater barrier to care.
- Quality of Life Scale (QOLS) [ Time Frame: Assessed at baseline (0 weeks), T4 (after 12 weeks), and T5 (after 24 weeks) ]Participants answer each question on a 7 point scale. It is scored by adding up the score on each item to get a minimum potential score of 16 and a maximum total score of 112. Higher scores indicate a higher quality of life.
- Psychosocial Functioning- The Brief Inventory of Psychosocial Functioning (IPF-Brief) [ Time Frame: Assessed at baseline (0 weeks), T4 (after 12 weeks), and T5 (after 24 weeks) ]Participants rank each of the 7 statements based on their overall experience over the past month on a scale from 0 (not at all) to 6 (very much). 7 is marked if the statement is not applicable. Higher scores indicate more impaired psychosocial functioning.
- Social support subscale of the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory (DRRI-2) [ Time Frame: Assessed at baseline (0 weeks), T4 (after 12 weeks), and T5 (after 24 weeks) ]Participants rank each of the ten questions from this subscale on a scale from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree) and total subscale score is calculated by adding up the responses from each of the questions. Lower scores indicate lower levels of social support.
- Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ) [ Time Frame: Assessed at baseline (0 weeks), T4 (after 12 weeks), and T5 (after 24 weeks) ]Each of the 15 questions are answered on a scale from 1 (Not at all true for me) to 7 (very true for me). 6 out of the 15 questions are reverse coded. Higher scores indicate that more interpersonal needs are not met.
- Depression- Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) [ Time Frame: Assessed at baseline (0 weeks), T4 (after 12 weeks), and T5 (after 24 weeks) ]Participants rank 9 questions on a scale from 0 (not at all) to 3 (Nearly every day) based on how often in the last 2 weeks they have been bothered by the problems listed. Then they rate the severity of the difficulty any problems they have experienced are causing on a scale from "not difficult at all" to "extremely difficult." Higher scores indicate higher depression severity.
- Hopelessness- Beck Hopelessness Scale [ Time Frame: Assessed at baseline (0 weeks), T4 (after 12 weeks), and T5 (after 24 weeks) ]Participants answer 20 true or false questions that are scored based on an answer key. Answers that indicate hopelessness are added up, with higher scores indicating higher levels of hopelessness/pessimism.
- Self-injurious thoughts and behaviors interview (SITBI) [ Time Frame: Assessed at baseline (0 weeks), T4 (after 12 weeks), and T5 (after 24 weeks) ]This interview asks a wide variety of questions related to suicidal ideations, plans, gestures, attempts, and non-suicidal self injurious behaviors. There are 72 possible questions, but some are only asked if a specific behavior is endorsed. Higher scores indicate higher levels of thoughts and feelings related to suicide and self-injurious behaviors.
- Suicide Coping/Safety Behaviors- Suicide Related Coping Scale (SRCS) [ Time Frame: Assessed at baseline (0 weeks), T4 (after 12 weeks), and T5 (after 24 weeks) ]Participants answer 17 questions on a 5 point Likert scale from 0-4 (Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree). Total score is determined by reverse scoring negatively worded items and then summing the items. Higher scores indicate better coping skills.
- Gateway to vocational and community activities- Treatment & Activities Survey [ Time Frame: Assessed at baseline (0 weeks), T4 (after 12 weeks), and T5 (after 24 weeks) ]Treatment & Activities Survey developed by STEP-Home staff asks participants to list the types of treatment (psychotherapy, medication, group therapy) that they have participated in within the last month, what they receive the treatment for, and whether it is administered by the VA or outside of the VA. Participants also answer if they have participated in other activities in the last month (school, work, community, etc.) and whether those activities are at or outside of the VA.
- Kessler-6 brief mental health screen [ Time Frame: Baseline (0 weeks) ]The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) is a 6 item measure of participants' emotional state. Questions are scored from 0 (none of the time) to 4 (all of the time) with a minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 24. Higher scores indicate higher levels of psychological distress.
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Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years to 65 Years (Adult, Older Adult) |
Sexes Eligible for Study: | All |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | Yes |
Inclusion Criteria:
- Recently transitioned Veterans within one year of separation from military service
- Self-reported functional impairment or reintegration difficulties as measured by the Military-to-Civilian Questionnaire (any item score > 1 indicating "some difficulty"; M2CQ; [71])
- Sufficient English fluency
- Agree to participate (informed consent/HIPAA)
Exclusion Criteria:
- Active psychosis
- Imminent or acute high suicide risk requiring immediate crisis intervention (low-moderate non-imminent risk for suicide is allowed)
- Current moderate or severe substance use disorder
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Neurological diagnosis excluding TBI
- Participants with mild substance use disorder will be allowed
- Substance use is a common behavior that may contribute to reintegration difficulties and suicide risk
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT05995678
Contact: Catherine B Fortier, PhD | (857) 364-4361 | catherine.fortier@va.gov |
United States, Massachusetts | |
VA Boston Healthcare System Jamaica Plain Campus, Jamaica Plain, MA | Recruiting |
Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02130-4817 | |
Contact: Catherine B Fortier, PhD 857-364-4361 catherine.fortier@va.gov | |
Principal Investigator: Catherine B Fortier, PhD |
Principal Investigator: | Catherine B Fortier, PhD | VA Boston Healthcare System Jamaica Plain Campus, Jamaica Plain, MA |
Responsible Party: | VA Office of Research and Development |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT05995678 |
Other Study ID Numbers: |
D4535-R |
First Posted: | August 16, 2023 Key Record Dates |
Last Update Posted: | March 12, 2024 |
Last Verified: | March 2024 |
Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement: | |
Plan to Share IPD: | No |
Plan Description: | No additional IPD will be shared besides the deidentified/anonymized data set and data dictionary will be shared. |
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product: | No |
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product: | No |
Product Manufactured in and Exported from the U.S.: | No |
Veterans TBI Transdiagnostic Intervention |
Suicide Prevention PTSD Reintegration |
Suicide Suicide Prevention Self-Injurious Behavior Behavioral Symptoms |