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Impact of Beetroot Supplementation in Athletes

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ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06043089
Recruitment Status : Completed
First Posted : September 21, 2023
Last Update Posted : February 1, 2024
Sponsor:
Collaborator:
University of Bergen
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
University School of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland

Study Description
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Brief Summary:
Several previous studies observed a positive effect of beetroot supplementation on sports performance in athletes, mainly in endurance performance. However, less attention has been paid to its effects on short-duration performance, especially in youth athletes. Moreover, only a few previous investigations performed biochemical analyses, including pro-oxidant balance assessments. It is especially important because chronic nitrate intake might directly cause the production of reactive nitrogen species and reactive oxygen species in other subcellular compartments, leading to more oxidative stress. Additionally, no previous study verified the impact of beetroot intake on sleep.

Condition or disease Intervention/treatment Phase
Healthy Dietary Supplement: Beetroot juice supplementation or placebo Not Applicable

Study Design
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Study Type : Interventional  (Clinical Trial)
Actual Enrollment : 20 participants
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Double (Participant, Investigator)
Primary Purpose: Treatment
Official Title: Impact of Beetroot Supplementation on Sports Performance, Prooxidant-antioxidant Balance and Sleep in Athletes
Actual Study Start Date : August 23, 2023
Actual Primary Completion Date : October 16, 2023
Actual Study Completion Date : October 16, 2023
Arms and Interventions
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Arm Intervention/treatment
Placebo Comparator: Placebo group
Athletes received 7 days of placebo (2 × 70 mL of water with beetroot powder with negligible nitrate content).
 Dietary Supplement: Beetroot juice supplementation or placebo
Athletes received 7 days of beetroot juice supplementation with nitrate supplementation (2 × 70 mL of beetroot juice ∼12.9 mmol NO3-; Beet It, James White Drinks, Ipswich, UK) or placebo (2 × 70 mL of water with beetroot powder with negligible nitrate content).
Experimental: Beetroot group
Athletes received 7 days of beetroot juice (2 × 70 mL of beetroot juice ∼12.9 mmol NO3-; Beet It, James White Drinks, Ipswich, UK).
 Dietary Supplement: Beetroot juice supplementation or placebo
Athletes received 7 days of beetroot juice supplementation with nitrate supplementation (2 × 70 mL of beetroot juice ∼12.9 mmol NO3-; Beet It, James White Drinks, Ipswich, UK) or placebo (2 × 70 mL of water with beetroot powder with negligible nitrate content).


Outcome Measures
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Primary Outcome Measures :
  1. Performance test [ Time Frame: 7 days after treatment ]
    yo-yo intermittent recovery test level 1

  2. Changes in nitrates [ Time Frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test ]
    Blood plasma will be obtained to measure nitrate concentration

  3. Changes in nitrites [ Time Frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test ]
    Blood plasma will be obtained to measure nitrite concentration

  4. Changes in prooxidant status [ Time Frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test ]
    Blood plasma will be obtained to measure total oxidative status

  5. Changes in antioxidant status [ Time Frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test ]
    Blood plasma will be obtained to measure total antioxidant capacity

  6. Changes in oxidative stress index [ Time Frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test ]
    The oxidative stress index will be calculated as the ratio of plasma prooxidant to antioxidant status

  7. Changes in nitrooxidative stress markers [ Time Frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test ]
    Blood plasma will be obtained to measure 3-nitrotyrosine concentration

  8. Changes in protein oxidation [ Time Frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test ]
    Blood plasma will be obtained to measure advanced protein oxidation products concentration

  9. Changes in nucleic acid oxidation [ Time Frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test ]
    Blood plasma will be obtained to measure ox-8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) concentration

  10. Changes in lipids oxidation [ Time Frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test ]
    Blood plasma will be obtained to measure thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentration

  11. Changes in exercise-induced metabolic acidosis [ Time Frame: 1) Before the performance test 2) 3 minutes after the performance test 3) 10 minutes after the performance test 4) 20 minutes after the performance test ]
    Arterialized blood will be obtained to measure lactate concentration

  12. Objective Sleep - Time in bed [ Time Frame: nights 1 - 7 during treatment ]
    Total time spent in bed during the night assessed by sleep radar

  13. Objective Sleep - Sleep-onset latency [ Time Frame: nights 1 - 7 during treatment ]
    The time it takes from when the athlete intends to go to sleep and actually starts to sleep assessed by sleep radar

  14. Objective Sleep - Total sleep time [ Time Frame: nights 1 - 7 during treatment ]
    Total sleep time obtained from sleep onset to time at wake-up assessed by sleep radar

  15. Objective Sleep - Light sleep [ Time Frame: nights 1 - 7 during treatment ]
    Total amount of time in light sleep assessed by sleep radar

  16. Objective Sleep - Deep sleep [ Time Frame: nights 1 - 7 during treatment ]
    Total amount of time in deep sleep assessed by sleep radar

  17. Objective Sleep - REM sleep [ Time Frame: nights 1 - 7 during treatment ]
    Total amount of time in REM sleep assessed by sleep radar

  18. Objective Sleep - Sleep efficiency [ Time Frame: nights 1 - 7 during treatment ]
    The percentage of total sleep time to lights off and leaving bed assessed by sleep radar


Secondary Outcome Measures :
  1. Countermovement jump height [ Time Frame: 7 days after treatment ]
  2. Ball speed velocity [ Time Frame: 7 days after treatment ]
  3. Sprint test (0-20m) [ Time Frame: 7 days after treatment ]
  4. Agility T-test [ Time Frame: 7 days after treatment ]
  5. Maximal isometric handgrip strength [ Time Frame: 7 days after treatment ]
  6. Flanker task [ Time Frame: 7 days after treatment ]
  7. Changes in muscle damage markers [ Time Frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test ]
    Blood serum will be obtained to measure myoglobin concentration

  8. Changes in muscle enzymes activity [ Time Frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test ]
    Blood serum will be obtained to measure creatine kinase activity

  9. Changes in inflammation markers [ Time Frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test ]
    Blood serum will be obtained to measure C-reactive protein concentration

  10. Changes in blood count [ Time Frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test ]
    Whole blood will be obtained to measure leukocyte count

  11. Changes in anabolic hormones [ Time Frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test ]
    Blood serum will be obtained to measure testosterone concentration

  12. Changes in catabolic hormones [ Time Frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test ]
    Blood serum will be obtained to measure cortisol concentration

  13. Changes in kidney function markers [ Time Frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test ]
    Blood serum will be obtained to measure creatinine concentration

  14. Changes in the purine metabolism marker [ Time Frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test ]
    Blood serum will be obtained to measure uric acid concentration

  15. Changes in hemoglobin concentration [ Time Frame: 1) Before the performance test 2) 3 minutes after the performance test 3) 10 minutes after the performance test 4) 20 minutes after the performance test ]
    Arterialized blood will be obtained to measure hemoglobin concentration

  16. Changes in hematocrit [ Time Frame: 1) Before the performance test 2) 3 minutes after the performance test 3) 10 minutes after the performance test 4) 20 minutes after the performance test ]
    Arterialized blood will be obtained to measure hematocrit

  17. Changes in plasma volume [ Time Frame: 1) Before the performance test 2) 3 minutes after the performance test 3) 10 minutes after the performance test 4) 20 minutes after the performance test ]
    The change in plasma volume will be calculated using the hemoglobin and hematocrit results


Eligibility Criteria
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Information from the National Library of Medicine

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Ages Eligible for Study:   14 Years to 23 Years   (Child, Adult)
Sexes Eligible for Study:   Male
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:   Yes
Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

  • male
  • good general health assessed by physician
  • highly trained
  • written consent to participate

Exclusion Criteria:

  • medication or dietary supplements used within the previous month, which could potentially impact the study outcomes
  • history of sleep nor neurological disorders
  • chronic use (6 months) of any antibacterial mouthwash products.
Contacts and Locations
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Information from the National Library of Medicine

To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT06043089


Locations
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Poland
University School of Physical Education in Cracow
Kraków, Poland, 31-571
Sponsors and Collaborators
University School of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
University of Bergen
Investigators
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Principal Investigator: Aleksandra Filip-Stachnik, Phd University of Physcial Education in Cracow
More Information
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Responsible Party: University School of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06043089    
Other Study ID Numbers: AWF_MSIT
First Posted: September 21, 2023    Key Record Dates
Last Update Posted: February 1, 2024
Last Verified: January 2024
Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement:
Plan to Share IPD: No

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Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product: No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product: No