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Low-Fat Fish Oil Diet for Prostate Cancer Prevention

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ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00798876
Recruitment Status : Completed
First Posted : November 26, 2008
Last Update Posted : May 7, 2019
Sponsor:
Collaborator:
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center

Study Description
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Brief Summary:

Studies on patterns of how many men get prostate cancer in other countries show that environment contributes to the high incidence of prostate cancer in the United States. Epidemiology studies suggest that this influence may be reduced by the diet of men at risk of getting prostate cancer. Although the exact nature of the effects of diet are not completely known, the amount of fat eaten appears to affect the number of men who get prostate cancer. The type of fat also seems to matter. Eating more of a type of fat called omega-3 polyunsaturated fat is associated with decreased prostate cancer risk. Omega-3 fat comes from fish and is quite different from the type of fat from animals and vegetables (omega-6 fat). Because the exact mechanism of this reduction in prostate cancer risk is not known, no blood test indications, called markers, have been discovered that would show the effect working.

Study doctors designed this study to try to find markers in the blood tests of men who have prostate cancer, and to find out if a diet supplemented with omega-3 type fat from fish oil helps reduce those markers, hence indicating that it helps reduce the cancer in these men. These men will be compared to men with prostate cancer whose diets do not contain the fish-oil fat.

The men chosen will have prostate cancer and be scheduled for operations to have their prostate glands removed. They will be chosen randomly to be given the fish-oil diet or a regular Western diet for comparison for 4 to 8 weeks. Their blood will be checked at the beginning of the diet. After the 4-to-8-week period, they will have their operations. Their blood will be checked again and a sample of their removed prostate will be examined to tell if the diet had any effect on the cancer and its markers.


Condition or disease Intervention/treatment Phase
Prostate Cancer Dietary Supplement: Fish Oil Dietary Supplement: Vitamin E supplement Dietary Supplement: Western Diet Dietary Supplement: Low-Fat Diet Other: Medical Examination Other: Dietary Interview Other: Blood Draw Procedure: Radical Prostatectomy Not Applicable

Detailed Description:
  1. To establish and validate intermediate biomarkers for prostate cancer prevention trials by conducting a dietary intervention trial of a low-fat diet with omega-3 fatty acid supplements in men undergoing radical prostatectomy. In initial trials it was feasible to intervene with diet and obtain tissue and serum for bioassay and biomarker development. This aim is to study the effect a low-fat, high omega-3 diet has on serum and tissue biomarkers from patients who have prostatectomies for prostate cancer. Ultimately, we hope to identify and validate intermediate markers of efficacy for large-scale dietary prevention trials.
  2. To establish and validate insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) as relevant intermediate biomarkers for prostate cancer prevention trials. IGF-1 is a peptide growth factor that is important to the growth and progression of prostate cancer. To our knowledge, no prospective dietary intervention studies have evaluated the effect of a low-fat diet with omega-3 fatty acid supplements on IGF-1 and IGFBPs, and their potential to serve as relevant intermediate markers for low-fat dietary intervention trials for prostate cancer prevention.
  3. To establish and validate serum and tissue fatty acids as relevant intermediate biomarkers for prostate cancer prevention trials. We will evaluate if men randomized to a low-fat, fish-oil-supplemented diet have increased serum ratios of omega-3:omega-6 fatty acids compared with men randomized to a control Western diet before radical prostatectomy. We also will study if patients in the low-fat, fish oil arm have increased ratios of membrane omega-3:omega-6 fatty acids as well as decreased COX-2 and decreased PGE-2 levels in benign and malignant tissue and in visceral fat. If so, it will proved further evidence to support the potential of low-fat fish oil diets for prostate cancer prevention. If serum omega-3:omega-6 ratios correlate with changes in COX-2 and PGE-2 in tissues, then serum omea-3:omega-6 ratios may be useful for monitoring activity and efficacy of low-fat fish-oil-supplemented diets in future trials.
Study Design
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Study Type : Interventional  (Clinical Trial)
Actual Enrollment : 56 participants
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
Official Title: Comparison Study of a Low-Fat Diet Supplemented With Fish Oil and a Standard Western Diet in Individuals With Prostate Cancer
Actual Study Start Date : December 18, 2001
Actual Primary Completion Date : February 12, 2018
Actual Study Completion Date : February 12, 2018

Resource links provided by the National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus related topics: Prostate Cancer
Drug Information available for: Fish oil

Arms and Interventions
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Arm Intervention/treatment
Placebo Comparator: Standard Western Diet
Subjects will be asked to consume a standard Western Diet for 4 weeks. For the 4-week period, subjects will be provided with all food and beverages. Subjects will also undergo a medical examination, dietary interview, blood draw, and radical prostatectomy(as part of standard of care).
 Dietary Supplement: Western Diet
Subjects will be provided with a standard western diet, food and beverages, to consume during their 4 week participation in this study.

Other: Medical Examination
Subjects will have a routine medical exam.

Other: Dietary Interview
Subjects will meet with the study nutritionist and have their current diet evaluated. Subjects will also undergo a test (bioimpedance) to estimate their body fat, lean weight, and the rate at which their body burns fat.

Other: Blood Draw
40 mL of blood will be drawn from subjects to measure PSA, fatty acids, insulin and various hormones.

Procedure: Radical Prostatectomy
Subjects will undergo a radical prostatectomy as part of their standard of care.
Experimental: Low-Fat Diet
Subjects will be asked to consume a low fat diet with fish oil and vitamin E supplements for 4 weeks. For the 4-week period, subjects will be provided with all food and beverages. Subjects will also undergo a medical examination, dietary interview, blood draw, and radical prostatectomy(as part of standard of care).
 Dietary Supplement: Fish Oil
Subjects will be asked to take 10 grams of fish oil per day for 4 weeks.

Dietary Supplement: Vitamin E supplement
Subjects will be asked to take 800 International Units per day of Vitamin E for 4 weeks.

Dietary Supplement: Low-Fat Diet
Subjects will be provided with a low-fat diet (food and beverages) for their 4 week participation in this study.

Other: Medical Examination
Subjects will have a routine medical exam.

Other: Dietary Interview
Subjects will meet with the study nutritionist and have their current diet evaluated. Subjects will also undergo a test (bioimpedance) to estimate their body fat, lean weight, and the rate at which their body burns fat.

Other: Blood Draw
40 mL of blood will be drawn from subjects to measure PSA, fatty acids, insulin and various hormones.

Procedure: Radical Prostatectomy
Subjects will undergo a radical prostatectomy as part of their standard of care.


Outcome Measures
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Primary Outcome Measures :
  1. check for insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) as relevant intermediate biomarkers for prostate cancer [ Time Frame: 4 weeks ]

Secondary Outcome Measures :
  1. Check serum and tissue fatty acids as relevant intermediate biomarkers for prostate cancer [ Time Frame: 4 weeks ]

Eligibility Criteria
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Ages Eligible for Study:   40 Years to 75 Years   (Adult, Older Adult)
Sexes Eligible for Study:   Male
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:   No
Criteria

Eligibility Criteria:

  • Patient consents to participate.
  • Medically able to receive and comply with the diet.
  • Lives near enough for counseling and follow-up.
  • Has elected to have operation to remove prostate.
  • Agrees to stop diet or vitamin supplements or herbal supplements for 1 week before the study begins.
  • Patient able to stop taking aspirin, COX-2 inhibitors, and other anti-inflammatory medications for 1 week before study start.
  • Patient able to safely stop taking fish oil capsules 2 weeks before the diet starts.
Contacts and Locations
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Information from the National Library of Medicine

To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT00798876


Locations
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United States, California
West Los Angeles VA
Los Angeles, California, United States, 90073
UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center
Los Angeles, California, United States, 90095
Sponsors and Collaborators
Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Investigators
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Principal Investigator: William Aronson, MD UCLA and Western Los Angles VA
More Information
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Publications:
Schuman LM, Mandel JS, Radke A, et al: Some elected features of the epidemiology of prostatic cancer: Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota case-control study, 1976-1979. In: Magnus K, ed. Trends in cancer incidence. Washington DC: Hemisphere, 345-354, 1982.

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Responsible Party: Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00798876    
Obsolete Identifiers: NCT00836615
Other Study ID Numbers: 01-07-026
P50CA092131-01A1 ( U.S. NIH Grant/Contract )
11-002610 ( Other Identifier: JCCC )
First Posted: November 26, 2008    Key Record Dates
Last Update Posted: May 7, 2019
Last Verified: May 2019
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
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Prostatic Neoplasms
Genital Neoplasms, Male
Urogenital Neoplasms
Neoplasms by Site
Neoplasms
Genital Diseases, Male
Genital Diseases
Urogenital Diseases
Prostatic Diseases
 Male Urogenital Diseases
Vitamin E
Vitamins
Micronutrients
Physiological Effects of Drugs
Antioxidants
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
Protective Agents