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Ibrutinib and Rituximab Compared With Fludarabine Phosphate, Cyclophosphamide, and Rituximab in Treating Patients With Untreated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia or Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma

The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
 
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02048813
Recruitment Status : Active, not recruiting
First Posted : January 29, 2014
Results First Posted : August 14, 2023
Last Update Posted : April 4, 2024
Sponsor:
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Brief Summary:
This phase III trial studies ibrutinib and rituximab to see how well they work compared to fludarabine phosphate, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab in treating patients with untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma. Ibrutinib may stop the growth of cancer cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Chemotherapy drugs, such as fludarabine phosphate and cyclophosphamide, work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody. It binds to a protein called CD20, which is found on B cells (a type of white blood cell) and some types of cancer cells. This may help the immune system kill cancer cells. It is not yet known whether fludarabine phosphate, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab may work better than ibrutinib and rituximab in treating patients with untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma.

Condition or disease Intervention/treatment Phase
Anemia Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma Drug: Cyclophosphamide Drug: Fludarabine Phosphate Drug: Ibrutinib Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis Other: Pharmacogenomic Study Other: Quality-of-Life Assessment Biological: Rituximab Phase 3

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Study Type : Interventional  (Clinical Trial)
Actual Enrollment : 529 participants
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary Purpose: Treatment
Official Title: A Randomized Phase III Study of Ibrutinib (PCI-32765)-Based Therapy vs Standard Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide, and Rituximab (FCR) Chemoimmunotherapy in Untreated Younger Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Actual Study Start Date : February 20, 2014
Actual Primary Completion Date : October 24, 2018
Estimated Study Completion Date : December 31, 2024


Arm Intervention/treatment
Experimental: Arm A (ibrutinib, rituximab)
Patients receive ibrutinib PO QD on days 1-28. Beginning cycle 2, patients also receive rituximab IV over 4 hours on days 1 and 2 of cycle 2, and day 1 of cycles 3-7. Treatment repeats every 28 days for 7 cycles in the absence of unacceptable toxicity. In the absence of disease progression, patients may continue ibrutinib PO QD.
Drug: Ibrutinib
Given PO
Other Names:
  • BTK Inhibitor PCI-32765
  • CRA-032765
  • Imbruvica
  • PCI-32765

Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis
Correlative studies

Other: Pharmacogenomic Study
Correlative studies
Other Name: PHARMACOGENOMIC

Other: Quality-of-Life Assessment
Ancillary studies
Other Name: Quality of Life Assessment

Biological: Rituximab
Given IV
Other Names:
  • ABP 798
  • BI 695500
  • C2B8 Monoclonal Antibody
  • Chimeric Anti-CD20 Antibody
  • CT-P10
  • IDEC-102
  • IDEC-C2B8
  • IDEC-C2B8 Monoclonal Antibody
  • Ikgdar
  • Mabtas
  • MabThera
  • Monoclonal Antibody IDEC-C2B8
  • PF-05280586
  • Riabni
  • Rituxan
  • Rituximab ABBS
  • Rituximab ARRX
  • Rituximab Biosimilar ABP 798
  • Rituximab Biosimilar BI 695500
  • Rituximab Biosimilar CT-P10
  • Rituximab Biosimilar GB241
  • Rituximab Biosimilar IBI301
  • Rituximab Biosimilar JHL1101
  • Rituximab Biosimilar PF-05280586
  • Rituximab Biosimilar RTXM83
  • Rituximab Biosimilar SAIT101
  • Rituximab Biosimilar SIBP-02
  • rituximab biosimilar TQB2303
  • Rituximab PVVR
  • Rituximab-abbs
  • Rituximab-arrx
  • Rituximab-pvvr
  • RTXM83
  • Ruxience
  • Truxima

Active Comparator: Arm B (rituximab, fludarabine phosphate, cyclophosphamide)
Patients receive rituximab IV over 4 hours on days 1 and 2 of cycle 1, and day 1 of cycles 2-6. Patients also receive fludarabine phosphate IV over 30 minutes and cyclophosphamide IV over 30 minutes on days 1-3. Treatment repeats every 28 days for 6 cycles in the absence of unacceptable toxicity.
Drug: Cyclophosphamide
Given IV
Other Names:
  • (-)-Cyclophosphamide
  • 2H-1,3,2-Oxazaphosphorine, 2-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]tetrahydro-, 2-oxide, monohydrate
  • Asta B 518
  • B-518
  • Carloxan
  • Ciclofosfamida
  • Ciclofosfamide
  • Cicloxal
  • Clafen
  • Claphene
  • CP monohydrate
  • CTX
  • CYCLO-cell
  • Cycloblastin
  • Cycloblastine
  • Cyclophospham
  • Cyclophosphamid monohydrate
  • Cyclophosphamide Monohydrate
  • Cyclophosphamidum
  • Cyclophosphan
  • Cyclophosphane
  • Cyclophosphanum
  • Cyclostin
  • Cyclostine
  • Cytophosphan
  • Cytophosphane
  • Cytoxan
  • Fosfaseron
  • Genoxal
  • Genuxal
  • Ledoxina
  • Mitoxan
  • Neosar
  • Revimmune
  • Syklofosfamid
  • WR- 138719
  • WR-138719

Drug: Fludarabine Phosphate
Given IV
Other Names:
  • 2-F-ara-AMP
  • 9H-Purin-6-amine, 2-fluoro-9-(5-O-phosphono-.beta.-D-arabinofuranosyl)-
  • Beneflur
  • Fludara
  • SH T 586

Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis
Correlative studies

Other: Pharmacogenomic Study
Correlative studies
Other Name: PHARMACOGENOMIC

Other: Quality-of-Life Assessment
Ancillary studies
Other Name: Quality of Life Assessment

Biological: Rituximab
Given IV
Other Names:
  • ABP 798
  • BI 695500
  • C2B8 Monoclonal Antibody
  • Chimeric Anti-CD20 Antibody
  • CT-P10
  • IDEC-102
  • IDEC-C2B8
  • IDEC-C2B8 Monoclonal Antibody
  • Ikgdar
  • Mabtas
  • MabThera
  • Monoclonal Antibody IDEC-C2B8
  • PF-05280586
  • Riabni
  • Rituxan
  • Rituximab ABBS
  • Rituximab ARRX
  • Rituximab Biosimilar ABP 798
  • Rituximab Biosimilar BI 695500
  • Rituximab Biosimilar CT-P10
  • Rituximab Biosimilar GB241
  • Rituximab Biosimilar IBI301
  • Rituximab Biosimilar JHL1101
  • Rituximab Biosimilar PF-05280586
  • Rituximab Biosimilar RTXM83
  • Rituximab Biosimilar SAIT101
  • Rituximab Biosimilar SIBP-02
  • rituximab biosimilar TQB2303
  • Rituximab PVVR
  • Rituximab-abbs
  • Rituximab-arrx
  • Rituximab-pvvr
  • RTXM83
  • Ruxience
  • Truxima




Primary Outcome Measures :
  1. Progression-free Survival (PFS) Rate at 3 Years [ Time Frame: Assessed every 3 months until progression up to 4 years and 8 months ]

    PFS was defined as the time from randomization to CLL progression or death, whichever occurred first. Progression is characterized by any of the following:

    • ≥ 50% increase from nadir since start of treatment (tx) in the sum of the products of at least 2 lymph nodes on 2 consecutive examinations 2 weeks apart
    • ≥ 50% increase from nadir since start of tx in the size of liver and/or spleen
    • ≥ 50% increase in the absolute number of circulating lymphocytes not due to tumor flare reaction. The absolute lymphocyte count must be ≥ 5x10^9/L to qualify as disease progression.
    • Transformation to a more aggressive histology (e.g. Richter's syndrome or prolymphocytic leukemia with > 55% prolymphocytes). For patients who achieve a complete response or nodular partial response, progression is defined as recurrence of circulating leukemia cell clone in the peripheral blood and an absolute lymphocyte count > 5x10^9/L and/or recurrence of palpable lymphadenopathy > 1.5 cm by physical exam.


Secondary Outcome Measures :
  1. Overall Survival (OS) Rate at 3 Years [ Time Frame: Assessed every 3 months until progression; after progression, assessed every 3 months for first 2 years, every 6 months for years 3-5, up to 4 years and 8 months ]
    Overall survival was defined as time from randomization to death from any cause or date last known alive. Overall survival rate at 3 years was estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier.

  2. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Leukemia (FACT-Leu) Trial Outcome Index (TOI) Score at 6 Months [ Time Frame: Assessed at 6 months ]
    The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Leukemia (FACT-Leu) Trial Outcome Index (TOI) is comprised of the physical well-being (PWB) and functional well-being (FWB) components of the FACT-General (FACT-G) and the leukemia subscale. The FACT-Leu TOI contains a total of 31 items, with scores ranging from 0 to 124. The higher the score, the better the quality of life (QOL).

  3. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Leukemia (FACT-Leu) Trial Outcome Index (TOI) Score at 12 Months [ Time Frame: Assessed at 12 months ]
    The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Leukemia (FACT-Leu) Trial Outcome Index (TOI) is comprised of the physical well-being (PWB) and functional well-being (FWB) components of the FACT-General (FACT-G) and the leukemia subscale. The FACT-Leu TOI contains a total of 31 items, with scores ranging from 0 to 124. The higher the score, the better the quality of life (QOL).

  4. The Association Between Baseline Rai Stage and Complete Response (CR) Rate [ Time Frame: Assessed at baseline, every 3 months for the first 2 years, and every 6 months for years 3-5 ]

    Patients are classified as stage 0-IV according to the Rai system and categorized into one of the three risk groups:

    Low risk - Stage 0 Intermediate risk - Stage I or II High risk - Stage III or IV

    CR requires all of the following for at least 2 months:

    • Absence of lymphadenopathy by physical examination on 2 occasions at least 4 weeks apart and appropriate radiographic techniques. For patients whose only measurable disease at the time of enrollment is on CT scan, a CT scan is required and all lymph nodes must be ≤ 1.5 cm before classifying the patient a CR.
    • Absence of hepatomegaly or splenomegaly by physical examination
    • Absence of constitutional symptoms due to disease
    • Normal complete blood count
    • One marrow aspirate and biopsy should be performed 52 weeks after Day 1 of cycle 1 among patients with clinical and laboratory evidence of a CR to document a CR. The marrow sample must be at least normocellular with < 30% of nucleated cells being lymphocytes.

  5. Progression-free Survival (PFS) by Measurable Residual Disease (MDR) Status at 2 Years [ Time Frame: Assessed every 3 months until progression up to 5 years ]

    PFS was defined as time from randomization to progression or death. Progression is characterized by any of the following:

    • ≥ 50% increase from nadir since start of treatment (tx) in the sum of the products of ≥ 2 lymph nodes on 2 consecutive exams 2 weeks apart
    • ≥ 50% increase from nadir since start of tx in the size of liver and/or spleen
    • ≥ 50% increase in the absolute number of circulating lymphocytes not due to tumor flare reaction. The absolute lymphocyte count must be ≥ 5x10^9/L to qualify as progression.
    • Transformation to a more aggressive histology. For patients with a complete response or nodular partial response, progression is defined as recurrence of circulating leukemia cell clone in the peripheral blood and an absolute lymphocyte count > 5x10^9/L and/or recurrence of palpable lymphadenopathy >1.5 cm by physical exam.

    MRD status was evaluated at 2 years and samples with <=20 monotypic events or an MRD level of <10^-4 were classified as undetectable MRD.



Other Outcome Measures:
  1. Distribution of Genetic Abnormalities Before and After Treatment [ Time Frame: Assessed at baseline, and 3, 6, 12, 15, 18, 24, 36 months ]
    Genetic abnormalities are assessed at baseline and longitudinally during treatment as well as after treatment. Distribution of genetic abnormalities are reported.

  2. T-cell Counts at 12 Months [ Time Frame: Assessed at 12 months ]
    T-cell counts will be measured at 12 months.

  3. Association Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and PFS [ Time Frame: Assessed every 3 months until progression; after progression, assessed every 3 months for first 2 years, every 6 months for years 3-5 ]

    PFS was defined as time from randomization to progression or death, whichever occurred first. Progression is characterized by any of the following:

    • ≥ 50% increase from nadir since start of treatment (tx) in the sum of the products of ≥2 lymph nodes on 2 consecutive examinations 2 weeks apart
    • ≥ 50% increase from nadir since start of tx in the size of liver and/or spleen
    • ≥ 50% increase in the absolute number of circulating lymphocytes not due to tumor flare reaction. The absolute lymphocyte count must be ≥ 5x10^9/L to qualify as progression.
    • Transformation to a more aggressive histology. For patients who achieve a complete response or nodular partial response, progression is defined as recurrence of circulating leukemia cell clone in the peripheral blood and an absolute lymphocyte count > 5x10^9/L and/or recurrence of palpable lymphadenopathy > 1.5 cm by physical exam.

    The distribution of PFS by SNPs will be reported.


  4. Prognostic Model to Predict PFS [ Time Frame: Assessed every 3 months until progression; after progression, assessed every 3 months for first 2 years, every 6 months for years 3-5 ]
    A prognostic model that incorporates clinical and biologic characters to predict PFS will be developed.

  5. Signaling Networks Downstream of the B-cell Receptor [ Time Frame: Assessed at baseline and 3, 6, 12, 15, 18, 24, 36 months ]
    Evaluation of signaling networks downstream of the B-cell receptor in patients receiving Ibrutinib-based therapy.

  6. Collection of Relapse Samples [ Time Frame: Assessed at relapse ]
    Collection of relapse samples to study mechanisms of resistance to protocol treatments.



Information from the National Library of Medicine

Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.


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Ages Eligible for Study:   18 Years to 70 Years   (Adult, Older Adult)
Sexes Eligible for Study:   All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:   No
Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Diagnosis of CLL according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI)/Internal Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (IWCLL) criteria or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria; this includes previous documentation of:

    • Biopsy-proven small lymphocytic lymphoma or
    • Diagnosis of CLL according to the NCI/IWCLL criteria as evidenced by all of the following:

      • Peripheral blood lymphocyte count of greater than 5 x 10^9/L
      • Immunophenotype consistent with CLL defined as:

        • The predominant population of lymphocytes share both B-cell antigens (cluster of differentiation [CD]19, CD20 [typically dim expression], or CD23) as well as CD5 in the absence of other pan-T-cell markers (CD3, CD2, etc)
        • Clonality as evidenced by kappa or lambda light chain restriction (typically dim immunoglobulin expression)
    • Negative FISH analysis for t(11;14)(immunoglobulin heavy locus [IgH]/cyclin D1 [CCND1]) on peripheral blood or tissue biopsy (e.g. marrow aspirate) or negative immunohistochemical stains for cyclin D1 staining on involved tissue biopsy (e.g. marrow aspirate or lymph node biopsy)
  • No prior chemotherapy, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor therapy, or monoclonal anti-body therapy for treatment of CLL or SLL
  • Has met at least one of the following indications for treatment:

    • Evidence of progressive marrow failure as manifested by the development of worsening anemia (hemoglobin [Hg] < 11 g/dl) and/or thrombocytopenia (platelets < 100 x 10^9/L)
    • Symptomatic or progressive lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, or hepatomegaly
    • One or more of the following disease-related symptoms:

      • Weight loss >= 10% within the previous 6 months
      • Grade 2 or 3 fatigue attributed to CLL
      • Fevers > 100.5 Fahrenheit (F) for 2 weeks without evidence of infection
      • Clinically significant night sweats without evidence of infection
    • Progressive lymphocytosis (not due to the effects of corticosteroids) with an increase of > 50% over a two-month period or an anticipated doubling time of less than six months
  • ECOG performance status between 0-2
  • Life expectancy of >= 12 months
  • Ability to tolerate FCR based therapy
  • No deletion of 17p13 on cytogenetic analysis by FISH
  • Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) > 40 mL/minute as calculated by the Cockcroft-Gault formula (obtained =< 14 days prior to registration)
  • Total bilirubin =< 2.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) (obtained =< 14 days prior to registration) unless due to Gilbert's disease; for those with a total bilirubin > 2.5 x ULN, a direct bilirubin should be performed and must be < 1.5 mg/dL for Gilbert's to be diagnosed

    • If value is higher due to hepatic involvement by CLL, patient is eligible
  • Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) (aspartate transaminase [AST])/serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine transaminase [ALT]) =< 3.0 x the institutional ULN (obtained =< 14 days prior to registration)

    • If value is higher due to hepatic involvement by CLL, patient is eligible
  • Prothrombin time (PT)/international normalized ratio (INR) < 1.5 ULN and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) (activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT]) < 1.5 X ULN (obtained =< 14 days prior to registration)

    • If value is higher due to hepatic involvement by CLL, patient is eligible
  • No active hemolytic anemia requiring immunosuppressive therapy or other pharmacologic treatment; patients who have a positive Coombs test but no evidence of hemolysis are NOT excluded from participation
  • No current use of corticosteroids; EXCEPTION: low doses of steroids (< 10 mg of prednisone or equivalent dose of other steroid) used for treatment of non-hematologic medical condition (e.g. chronic adrenal insufficiency) is permitted
  • No previous use of corticosteroids for autoimmune complications that have developed since the initial diagnosis of CLL; prior use of corticosteroids for reasons other than treatment of autoimmune complications is allowed
  • No other active primary malignancy (other than non-melanomatous skin cancer or carcinoma in situ of the cervix) requiring treatment or limiting expected survival to =< 2 years; NOTE: if there is a history of prior malignancy, they must not be receiving other specific treatment (other than hormonal therapy for their cancer)
  • Able to adhere to the study visit schedule and other protocol requirements
  • No major surgery within the last 4 weeks (28 days) of first dose of study drug or minor surgery within 3 days of first dose of study drug
  • No radiation therapy =< 4 weeks prior to registration
  • Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection may be eligible provided they meet the following criteria:

    • CD4-positive cell count >= lower limit of institutional normal
    • HIV viral load < 10,000 copies HIV ribonucleic acid (RNA)/mL (if not on anti-HIV therapy) OR < 50 copies HIV RNA/mL (if on anti-HIV therapy)
    • No evidence of hepatitis B or C infection
    • No evidence of resistant strains of HIV
    • No history of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining condition
  • Patients must not have any of the following conditions:

    • Congestive heart failure or New York Heart Association Functional Classification III or IV congestive heart failure
    • History of myocardial infarction, unstable angina, or acute coronary syndrome within 6 months prior to registration
    • Recent infections requiring systemic treatment; need to have completed anti-biotic therapy > 14 days before the first dose of study drug
    • Cerebral vascular accident or intracranial bleed within the last 6 months
    • Infection with known chronic, active hepatitis C
    • Serologic status reflecting active hepatitis B or C infection; patients that are positive for hepatitis B core antibody, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), or hepatitis C antibody must have a negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) prior to enrollment (PCR positive patients will be excluded)
  • Patients are not eligible if they require treatment with a strong cytochrome P450 (CYP) family 3, subfamily A (3A) inhibitor
  • Patients may not be on any other investigational agents
  • Patients may not have received warfarin or another vitamin K antagonist in the preceding 30 days
  • Women must not be pregnant or breast-feeding since this study involves an investigational agent whose genotoxic, mutagenic, and teratogenic effects on the developing fetus and newborn are unknown; female patients of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test within 2 weeks prior to registration to rule out pregnancy; female patients who are of non-reproductive potential are those who are post-menopausal by history (i.e. no menses for >= 1 year); OR history of hysterectomy; OR history of bilateral tubal ligation; OR history of bilateral oophorectomy)
  • Women of childbearing potential and sexually active males must be strongly advised to use an accepted and effective method of contraception or to abstain from sexual intercourse for 90 days after the last dose of study drug
  • Patient must be able to swallow capsules and not have the following conditions:

    • Disease significantly affecting gastrointestinal function
    • Resection of the stomach or small bowel
    • Symptomatic inflammatory bowel disease
    • Ulcerative colitis
    • Partial or complete bowel obstruction
  • Patient must not be on any other systemic immunosuppressant therapy other than corticosteroids within 28 days of the first dose of study drug
  • Patient must not be vaccinated with live, attenuated vaccines within 4 weeks of first dose of study drug
  • Patient must not have any known bleeding disorders (e.g., von Willebrand's disease) or hemophilia
  • Patient must not have currently active, clinically significant hepatic impairment (>= moderate hepatic impairment according to the NCI/Child Pugh)

Information from the National Library of Medicine

To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT02048813


Locations
Show Show 796 study locations
Sponsors and Collaborators
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Investigators
Layout table for investigator information
Principal Investigator: Tait D Shanafelt ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group
  Study Documents (Full-Text)

Documents provided by National Cancer Institute (NCI):
Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):

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Responsible Party: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02048813    
Other Study ID Numbers: NCI-2014-00118
NCI-2014-00118 ( Registry Identifier: CTRP (Clinical Trial Reporting Program) )
E1912
ECOG-E1912
E1912 ( Other Identifier: ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group )
E1912 ( Other Identifier: CTEP )
R01CA193541 ( U.S. NIH Grant/Contract )
U10CA180820 ( U.S. NIH Grant/Contract )
U10CA021115 ( U.S. NIH Grant/Contract )
U24CA196172 ( U.S. NIH Grant/Contract )
First Posted: January 29, 2014    Key Record Dates
Results First Posted: August 14, 2023
Last Update Posted: April 4, 2024
Last Verified: February 2024
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Layout table for MeSH terms
Lymphoma
Leukemia
Leukemia, Lymphoid
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell
Neoplasms by Histologic Type
Neoplasms
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Lymphatic Diseases
Immunoproliferative Disorders
Immune System Diseases
Hematologic Diseases
Leukemia, B-Cell
Chronic Disease
Disease Attributes
Pathologic Processes
Cyclophosphamide
Rituximab
Fludarabine
Fludarabine phosphate
Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological
Antibodies
Immunoglobulins
Antibodies, Monoclonal
Ibrutinib
Immunosuppressive Agents
Immunologic Factors
Physiological Effects of Drugs
Antirheumatic Agents
Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating
Alkylating Agents