Supplements, Placebo, or Rosuvastatin Study (SPORT)

• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04846231
• Recruitment Status: Completed
• First Posted: April 15, 2021
• Results First Posted: May 25, 2023
• Last Update Posted: May 25, 2023
• Sponsor: The Cleveland Clinic
• Collaborator: AstraZeneca
• Information provided by (Responsible Party): The Cleveland Clinic

Study Description

Brief Summary:

A research study that is evaluating a low dose of an FDA approved statin medication in comparison to several commercially available over the counter dietary supplements which are marketed for cholesterol health. The study is comparing their effect on LDL cholesterol. LDL-cholesterol is low-density cholesterol and is sometimes referred to as "bad" cholesterol. Participants must live in Ohio and have a documented elevated LDL cholesterol level between 70-189mg/dL, must not currently be taking a statin or one of the dietary supplements included in the trial. Participants willing to discontinue a prohibited supplement for 4 weeks prior to enrollment will be allowed to participate. Trial participation is 4 weeks. Study medication will be provided at no charge. There will be 2 visits which include a lab draw at any Cleveland Clinic laboratory. Participants will be randomized (like a coin flip) to be in one of 8 possible groups: Rosuvastatin, Fish oil, Cinnamon, Garlic, Turmeric, Plant sterol, Red yeast rice, or placebo. The study will enroll 200 participants.

Condition or disease	Intervention/treatment	Phase
Hypercholesterolemia	Dietary Supplement: Fish Oil, Cinnamon, Garlique,Turmeric, Plant Sterol, Red Yeast Rice; Drug: Rosuvastatin; Other: Placebo	Phase 2

Detailed Description:

Few well-controlled trials have studied the LDL-lowering effects of dozens of marketed "cholesterol health" dietary supplements. Prior research suggests most U.S. consumers believe cholesterol health supplements are safer than statins, and a majority of the public also believe supplements are as effective, or more effective, than prescription statins. Approximately one third of US adults who have been told they have elevated cholesterol are using a supplement to provide heart health protection rather than a statin. This represents a significant public health concern.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of select dietary supplements on cholesterol health compared with a low dose of a statin.

The study is comparing their effect on LDL and HDL cholesterol and inflammatory markers.

A randomized, single blind study design will be used to evaluate rosuvastatin 5 mg. vs. placebo and 6 commercially available over the counter supplements in a hierarchical testing order. Each participant will take study medication/supplement for a total of 4 weeks.

The study will randomize primary prevention patients who are considered borderline and intermediate risk for ASCVD based upon the 2018 Cholesterol Treatment Guidelines7 and are not taking any of the studied medication/supplements at the time of randomization.

Participants must have a documented elevated LDL cholesterol level between 70-189mg/dL, must not currently be taking a statin or one of the dietary supplements included in the trial. Participants willing to discontinue a prohibited supplement for 4 weeks prior to enrollment will be allowed to participate. Study medication will be provided at no charge. There will be 2 visits which include a lab draw at any Cleveland Clinic laboratory. Participants will be randomized (like a coin flip) to be in one of 8 possible groups: Rosuvastatin, Fish oil, Cinnamon, Garlic, Turmeric, Plant sterol, Red yeast rice, or placebo. The study will enroll 200 participants.

Study Design

• Study Type: Interventional (Clinical Trial)
• Actual Enrollment: 203 participants
• Allocation: Randomized
• Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
• Intervention Model Description: Eligible subjects will be randomized 1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1 to the study groups in a blinded fashion. There will be 25 subjects per study group. The total sample size will be 200 patients.
• Masking: Triple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator)
• Masking Description: Subjects, investigator staff, persons performing the assessments, and the clinical trial team will be blinded to assigned study group.
• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Official Title: Supplements, Placebo, or Rosuvastatin Study
• Actual Study Start Date: April 23, 2021
• Actual Primary Completion Date: July 19, 2022
• Actual Study Completion Date: July 19, 2022

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/treatment
Active Comparator: Rosuvastatin; 5 mg once per day	Drug: Rosuvastatin; Subjects will be randomized to a Statin (Rosuvastatin 5 mg), a placebo, or a dietary supplement (Fish oil, Cinnamon, Garlic, Turmeric, Plant sterol, Red yeast rice).; Other Name: Crestor
Placebo Comparator: Placebo; comparable to rosuvastatin 5 mg once per day	Other: Placebo; Subjects will be randomized to a Statin (Rosuvastatin 5 mg), a placebo, or a dietary supplement (Fish oil, Cinnamon, Garlic, Turmeric, Plant sterol, Red yeast rice).
Active Comparator: Fish Oil; Nature Made 2 soft gels per day	Dietary Supplement: Fish Oil, Cinnamon, Garlique,Turmeric, Plant Sterol, Red Yeast Rice; Subjects will be randomized to a Statin (Rosuvastatin 5 mg), a placebo, or a dietary supplement (Fish oil, Cinnamon, Garlic, Turmeric, Plant sterol, Red yeast rice).
Active Comparator: Cinnamon; 1200mg, 2 capsules per day	Dietary Supplement: Fish Oil, Cinnamon, Garlique,Turmeric, Plant Sterol, Red Yeast Rice; Subjects will be randomized to a Statin (Rosuvastatin 5 mg), a placebo, or a dietary supplement (Fish oil, Cinnamon, Garlic, Turmeric, Plant sterol, Red yeast rice).
Active Comparator: Garlique; Manufactured by Focus Consumer Health Marketgate,1 tablet per day	Dietary Supplement: Fish Oil, Cinnamon, Garlique,Turmeric, Plant Sterol, Red Yeast Rice; Subjects will be randomized to a Statin (Rosuvastatin 5 mg), a placebo, or a dietary supplement (Fish oil, Cinnamon, Garlic, Turmeric, Plant sterol, Red yeast rice).
Active Comparator: Turmeric; Bio Schwartz Turmeric Curcumin 1500 mg, 3 capsules per day	Dietary Supplement: Fish Oil, Cinnamon, Garlique,Turmeric, Plant Sterol, Red Yeast Rice; Subjects will be randomized to a Statin (Rosuvastatin 5 mg), a placebo, or a dietary supplement (Fish oil, Cinnamon, Garlic, Turmeric, Plant sterol, Red yeast rice).
Active Comparator: Plant Sterol; Nature Made CholestOff Plus, 2 soft gels twice a day	Dietary Supplement: Fish Oil, Cinnamon, Garlique,Turmeric, Plant Sterol, Red Yeast Rice; Subjects will be randomized to a Statin (Rosuvastatin 5 mg), a placebo, or a dietary supplement (Fish oil, Cinnamon, Garlic, Turmeric, Plant sterol, Red yeast rice).
Active Comparator: Red Yeast Rice; Arazo Nutrition 1200 mg, 2 capsules per day	Dietary Supplement: Fish Oil, Cinnamon, Garlique,Turmeric, Plant Sterol, Red Yeast Rice; Subjects will be randomized to a Statin (Rosuvastatin 5 mg), a placebo, or a dietary supplement (Fish oil, Cinnamon, Garlic, Turmeric, Plant sterol, Red yeast rice).

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures :

1. Percent Change in LDL-C From Baseline for Rosuvastatin 5mg Daily Compared With Placebo and Each Dietary Supplement. [ Time Frame: The percent change in LDL-C for rosuvastatin 5 mg compared with dietary supplements after 4 weeks ]
   The primary objective of this study is to compare the LDL lowering of rosuvastatin with the effect of six commonly used dietary supplements on cholesterol health.

Secondary Outcome Measures :

1. Percent Change in hsCRP for Rosuvastatin vs Dietary Supplements. [ Time Frame: The percent change in high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) for rosuvastatin 5 mg and dietary supplements compared with placebo after 4 weeks. ]
   Assess the effect of each supplement on inflammatory markers compared with rosuvastatin 5 mg.
2. Percent Change in HDL-C, Total Cholesterol, and Triglycerides for Rosuvastatin vs Dietary Supplements. [ Time Frame: After 4 weeks ]

   The percent change in HDL-C, total cholesterol, and triglycerides for each supplement compared with rosuvastatin.

   The percent change in HDL-C, total cholesterol, and triglycerides for each supplement compared with rosuvastatin. The percent change in HDL-C, total cholesterol, and triglycerides for each supplement compared with placebo.

3. The Percent Change in HDL-C, Total Cholesterol, and Triglycerides for Placebo vs the Dietary Supplements. [ Time Frame: After 4 weeks ]
   The percent change in HDL-C, total cholesterol, and triglycerides for each supplement compared with placebo.

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 40 Years to 75 Years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Sexes Eligible for Study: All
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Written informed consent must be obtained before any assessment is performed.
2. U.S. adults with primary hypercholesterolemia, 40-75 years of age.
3. Not currently taking statins or one of the dietary supplements included in the trial. Patients willing to discontinue a prohibited supplement for 4 weeks prior to enrollment will be allowed to participate.
4. LDL-cholesterol between 70 and 189 mg/dL.
5. Patients without diabetes mellitus and a 10-year risk of ASCVD between 5 and <20% using the pooled cohort risk equation. * Or Patients with diabetes mellitus in females 50-60 years of age or males 40-50 years of age with an LDL-C between 70-189 mg/dL and with an ASCVD risk below 20%.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Age < 40 or >75 years of age
2. Women who are pregnant, plan to become pregnant within the next 6 months, or are breastfeeding.
3. Documented liver dysfunction or history of elevated LFTs indicating active liver disease
4. Documented chronic renal dysfunction within the past two years defined as an eGFR<30mL/min/m2.
5. Known hypersensitivity to rosuvastatin or any supplement under investigation (i.e. shellfish allergy, etc.).
6. Currently taking any prescription statin, or other prescription medication/supplements to treat elevated cholesterol or triglycerides.
7. Currently taking a medication/supplement that has known interaction with rosuvastatin, including fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, HIV medications, colchicine, cyclosporine, warfarin, anti-viral medications to treat Hepatitis C, regorafenib, and darolutamide.
8. Are unwilling to discontinue prohibited dietary supplement(s) for 4 weeks prior to participation or during the course of the trial. Other non-prohibited supplements will be permitted if doses have been stable for at least 4 weeks.
9. Known cardiovascular disease including a history of prior MI, stroke/TIA, PAD or prior revascularization procedures of the heart or vasculature (e.g. CABG, stenting, PCI etc.).
10. Fasting Triglycerides >200mg/dl.
11. In the opinion of the investigator, any other condition that will preclude participation in the study.

Contacts and Locations

Locations

United States, Ohio

Cleveland Clinic

Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44195

Sponsors and Collaborators

The Cleveland Clinic

AstraZeneca

Investigators

• Principal Investigator: Luke Laffin, M.D.; The Cleveland Clinic
• Study Chair: Steven Nissen, M.D.; The Cleveland Clinic

  Study Documents (Full-Text)

Documents provided by The Cleveland Clinic:

Study Protocol  [PDF] February 23, 2021

Statistical Analysis Plan  [PDF] January 12, 2022

More Information

• Responsible Party: The Cleveland Clinic
• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04846231
• Other Study ID Numbers: Version 1.0 23February2021
• First Posted: April 15, 2021
• Results First Posted: May 25, 2023
• Last Update Posted: May 25, 2023
• Last Verified: May 2023

Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement:

• Plan to Share IPD: No

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product: No

Keywords provided by The Cleveland Clinic:

LDL & HDL Cholesterol, Statin, Dietary Supplements

Additional relevant MeSH terms:

Hypercholesterolemia; Hyperlipidemias; Dyslipidemias; Lipid Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Rosuvastatin Calcium; Red yeast rice; Anticholesteremic Agents; Hypolipidemic Agents; Antimetabolites; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Lipid Regulating Agents; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Enzyme Inhibitors