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A Phase III Study to Investigate if the Study Drug Diamyd Can Preserve Insulin Production and Improve Glycemic Control in Patients Newly Diagnosed With Type 1 Diabetes (DIAGNODE-3)

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ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05018585
Recruitment Status : Recruiting
First Posted : August 24, 2021
Last Update Posted : April 23, 2024
Sponsor:
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
Diamyd Medical AB

Study Description
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Brief Summary:
The objective of DIAGNODE-3 is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of three intranodal injections of 4 μg of Diamyd compared to placebo, along with oral Vitamin D supplementation, to preserve endogenous beta cell function and influence glycemic parameters in adolescent and adults recently diagnosed with T1D carrying the HLA DR3-DQ2 haplotype.

Condition or disease Intervention/treatment Phase
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Biological: Recombinant human glutamic acid decarboxylase (rhGAD65) formulated in Alhydrogel® Dietary Supplement: Colecalciferol 2000 IU Biological: Placebo Phase 3

Detailed Description:
The study is a 2-arm, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, clinical trial. Patients will have the HLA genotyping performed at the first Screening visit (Visit 1A). If the results indicate the patient is carrying the HLA DR3-DQ2 haplotype, then the patient will attend the second Screening visit (Visit 1B) to perform the remaining screening procedures. Eligible patients will receive injections of Diamyd/placebo into an inguinal lymph gland at three occasions, with one month intervals along with oral Vitamin D supplementation. All patients will continue to receive intensive insulin treatment from their personal physicians during the whole study period. Patients will be followed in a blinded manner for a total of 24 months.
Study Design
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Study Type : Interventional  (Clinical Trial)
Estimated Enrollment : 330 participants
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Intervention Model Description: The study is a 2-arm, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, clinical trial.
Masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary Purpose: Treatment
Official Title: A Phase III, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multicenter Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Diamyd® to Preserve Endogenous Beta Cell Function in Adolescents and Adults With Recently Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes, Carrying the Genetic HLA DR3-DQ2 Haplotype
Actual Study Start Date : May 19, 2022
Estimated Primary Completion Date : December 31, 2025
Estimated Study Completion Date : December 31, 2025

Resource links provided by the National Library of Medicine


Arms and Interventions
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Arm Intervention/treatment
Experimental: Diamyd
Patients will be assigned to receive i) three (3) intralymphatic injections with 4µg Diamyd (rhGAD) on Days 0, 30, and 60 and; ii) oral vitamin D 2000 IU/daily for 4 months (from Day -30 through Day 90)
 Biological: Recombinant human glutamic acid decarboxylase (rhGAD65) formulated in Alhydrogel®
Recombinant human glutamic acid decarboxylase (rhGAD65) formulated in Alhydrogel®
Other Name: Diamyd

Dietary Supplement: Colecalciferol 2000 IU
Colecalciferol (vitamin D3) 2000 IU (equivalent to 50 microgram vitamin D3).
Other Name: Divisun 2000 IU
Placebo Comparator: Placebo
Patients will be assigned to receive i) three (3) intralymphatic injections of Placebo for Diamyd (rhGAD) on Days 0, 30, and 60 and; ii) oral vitamin D 2000 IU/daily for 4 months (from Day -30 through Day 90)
 Dietary Supplement: Colecalciferol 2000 IU
Colecalciferol (vitamin D3) 2000 IU (equivalent to 50 microgram vitamin D3).
Other Name: Divisun 2000 IU

Biological: Placebo
Placebo for Diamyd, Alhydrogel® only


Outcome Measures
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Primary Outcome Measures :
  1. Change in stimulated C-peptide during a MMTT [ Time Frame: Baseline and 24 months ]
    Change from baseline to Month 24 in C-peptide AUCmean 0-120 min during a 2 hour MMTT.

  2. Change in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). [ Time Frame: Baseline and 24 months ]
    Mean difference in change from baseline to Month 24 in HbA1c (mmol/mol)


Secondary Outcome Measures :
  1. Change in time in glycemic target range 3.9 to 10 mmol/L (70 to 180 mg/dL) between baseline and Month 24. [ Time Frame: Baseline and 24 months ]
    Change in time in glycemic target range 3.9 to 10 mmol/L (70 to 180 mg/dL) [evaluated from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data] between baseline and Month 24.

  2. Proportion of patients with insulin dose-adjusted HbA1c ≤9 at Month 24. [ Time Frame: 24 Months ]
    Proportion of patients with insulin dose-adjusted HbA1c (IDDA1C) ≤9 at Month 24.

  3. Number of episodes per patient of severe hypoglycemia between baseline and Month 24. [ Time Frame: Baseline and 24 months ]
    Number of episodes per patient of severe hypoglycemia between baseline and Month 24.

  4. Number of episodes per patient of diabetic ketoacidosis between baseline and Month 24. [ Time Frame: Baseline and 24 months ]
    Number of episodes per patient of diabetic ketoacidosis between baseline and Month 24


Eligibility Criteria
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Ages Eligible for Study:   12 Years to 28 Years   (Child, Adult)
Sexes Eligible for Study:   All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:   No
Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

Patients are eligible to be included in this study only if all of the following criteria apply:

  1. Must be capable of providing written, signed, and dated informed consent; and for patients who are minors, age-appropriate assent (performed according to local regulations) and parent/caregiver consent.
  2. Males and females aged ≥12 and <29 years old at the time of Screening.
  3. Diagnosed with T1D (according to the American Diabetes Association [ADA] classification) ≤6 months at the time of Screening.
  4. Possess the HLA DR3-DQ2 haplotype (all patients will be tested; prior genetic testing results will not be accepted).

  5. Fasting C-peptide ≥0.12 nmol/L (≥0.36 ng/mL) on at least one occasion (maximum two tests on different days during the Screening period).

    (US ONLY): Fasting C-peptide ≥0.12 - ≤1.5 nmol/L (≥0.36 - ≤4.5 ng/mL) on at least one occasion (maximum two tests on different days during the Screening period).

  6. Possess detectable circulating GAD65 antibodies (lowest level of detection defined by the method used by the central laboratory).
  7. Possess HbA1c levels between 35 to 80 mmol/mol (5.4 to 9.5%) on at least one occasion prior to randomization (maximum one additional test within one month from Visit 1B).
  8. Be on a stable insulin dose or insulin dosing regimen for one month prior to inclusion with limited fluctuation of daily insulin requirement based on investigator's assessment. For example, if the average insulin dose/kg/24h over a 7-day period compared to the previous 7-day period does not vary more than approximately 15% and/or if the daily insulin dose does not vary more than 0.1 U/kg/24h, the dose can be considered stable. Individuals that are diagnosed with T1D according to the ADA classification but are not taking insulin are eligible to participate.
  9. i. Females of childbearing potential (FOCBP) must agree to avoid pregnancy and have a negative pregnancy test performed at the required study visits.

FOCBP must agree to use highly effective contraception, during treatment and, until 90 days after the last administration of study medication. Birth control methods, which may be considered as highly effective (e.g., a failure rate of less than 1% per year when used consistently and correctly) include:

  • Combined (estrogen and progestogen containing) hormonal contraception associated with inhibition of ovulation:

    • Oral.
    • Intravaginal.
    • Transdermal.

  • Progestogen-only hormonal contraception associated with inhibition of ovulation:

    • Oral.
    • Injectable.
    • Implantable.
  • Intrauterine device.
  • Intrauterine hormone-releasing system.
  • Bilateral tubal occlusion.
  • Vasectomized partner (vasectomized partner is a highly effective birth control method provided that partner is the sole sexual partner of the FOCBP trial patient and that the vasectomized partner has received medical assessment of the surgical success).

  • Sexual abstinence (sexual abstinence is considered a highly effective method only if defined as refraining from heterosexual intercourse during the entire period of risk associated with the study drugs. The reliability of sexual abstinence needs to be evaluated in relation to the duration of the clinical trial and the preferred and usual lifestyle of the patient).

    9. ii. Male patients must agree to remain abstinent from heterosexual sex during treatment and for 90 days after treatment or, if sexually active, to use two effective methods of birth control (e.g., male uses a condom and female uses contraception) during and for 90 days after treatment. Acceptable male contraception is as follows:

  • Condom (male).
  • Abstinence from heterosexual intercourse.
  • Vasectomy. The agreement to remain abstinent or use two effective methods of birth control will be clearly defined in the informed consent; the patient or legally authorized representatives (e.g., parents, caregivers, or legal guardians) must sign this specific section.

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients are not eligible to be included in this study if any of the following criteria apply:

  1. Participation in any other trial aimed to influence beta cell function from time of diagnosis of T1D.
  2. Treatment with any oral or non-insulin injectable anti-diabetic medication within 3 months prior to Screening.
  3. History of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY).
  4. Pancreatic surgery, chronic pancreatitis, or other pancreatic disorders that could result in decreased beta cell capacity (e.g., pancreatogenous diabetes).

  5. History of DKA or severe hypoglycemia requiring hospitalization within one month before Screening, or severe episodes of hypoglycemia requiring third party assistance within one month before Screening.

    (US ONLY) Occurrence of DKA or severe hypoglycemia requiring hospitalization in the period of 90 days prior to Randomization (Visit 2).

  6. Signs or symptoms suggesting very poorly controlled diabetes e.g., ongoing weight loss, polyuria or polydipsia.

  7. Hematologic condition that would make HbA1c uninterpretable including:

    1. Hemoglobinopathy, with the exception of sickle cell trait or thalassemia minor; or chronic or recurrent hemolysis.
    2. Donation of blood or blood products to a blood bank, blood transfusion or participation in a clinical study requiring withdrawal of >400 mL of blood during the 8 weeks prior to the Screening visit.
    3. Significant iron deficiency anemia.
    4. Heart malformations or vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) leading to increased turnover of erythrocytes.
  8. (US ONLY) Abnormal hematology results at the time of Screening, specifically any of the following: white blood cells: Female 12-18 y < 5.5 x 109/L or >9.3 x 109/L, Male 12-18 y < 5.2 x 109/L or >9.7 x 109/L, Adults >18 y < 3.5 x 109/L or >11.1 x 109/L; platelets: Female 12-18 y < 192 x 109/L or > 307 x 109/L, Male 12-18 y < 180 x 109/L or > 299 x 109/L, Adults >18 y < 150 x 109/L or >400 x 109/L; hemoglobin: Female 12-18 y < 11.3 g/dL or > 13.4 g/dL, Male 12-18 y < 11 g/dL or >14.3 g/dL, Female >18 y < 11.5 g/dL or > 15.5 g/dL, Male >18 y < 13.2 g/dL or > 17 g/dL.
  9. Treatment with marketed or over-the-counter Vitamin D at the time of Screening and unwilling to abstain from such medication during the 120 days when the patient will be supplemented with the study-provided Vitamin D. A patient currently taking Vitamin D at the time of Screening must be willing to switch to the study-provided Vitamin D treatment and to administer it per the study requirements.
  10. (US ONLY) History of hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia and/or nephrolithiasis, unless appropriately treated, or any other contraindication to use of Vitamin D.
  11. Any clinically significant history of an acute reaction to a vaccine or its constituents (e.g., Alhydrogel).
  12. Treatment with any (live or inactive) vaccine, including influenza vaccine and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine, within 4 weeks prior to planned first study dose of study drug; or planned treatment with any vaccine up to 4 weeks after the last injection with study drug.
  13. Any acute or chronic skin infection or condition that would preclude intralymphatic injection.
  14. Recent (past 12 months) or current treatment with immunosuppressant therapy, including chronic use of glucocorticoid therapy. Inhaled, topical, and intranasal steroid use is acceptable. Short courses (e.g., ≤5 days) of oral or intra-articular injections of steroids will be permitted on trial.
  15. Continuous/chronic treatment with prescribed or over-the-counter anti-inflammatory therapies. Short-term use (e.g., <7 days) is permissible, for example to treat a headache or in connection with a fever.
  16. Known or suspected acute infection, including COVID-19 or influenza, at the time of Screening or within 2 weeks prior to Screening. After confirmed recent COVID-19 infection, a negative polymerase chain reaction test will be required before randomization.
  17. A history of epilepsy, head trauma or cerebrovascular accident, or clinical features of continuous motor unit activity in proximal muscles.
  18. Known diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection. Patients with previous hepatitis C infection that is now cured may be eligible.

  19. Any clinically significant concomitant medical condition, including but not limited to other autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematological, immune, renal including a history of renal transplantation, neurological (including Batten disease), significant diabetes complication, any underlying conditions or receiving treatments that could affect red blood cell turnover or other diseases that in the opinion of the investigator would interfere with trial participation or procedures. Celiac disease with adequate diet before diagnosis or discovered by increased autoantibodies at Screening will be permitted.

    (US ONLY) Any clinically significant concomitant medical condition, including but not limited to other autoimmune or immune deficiency diseases (e.g., sarcoidosis, rheumatoid arthritis, moderate-to-severe psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and other autoimmune conditions that may require treatment with TNF-alpha inhibitors or other biologics), gastrointestinal, hematological, or renal diseases including a history of any organ transplant (including renal transplantation and islet transplantation), neurological disease (including Batten disease); significant diabetes complication; a history of adrenal insufficiency; any underlying conditions or receiving treatments that could affect red blood cell turnover or other diseases that interfere with trial participation or procedures. Celiac disease with adequate diet before diagnosis or discovered by increased autoantibodies at Screening will be permitted, as well as autoimmune thyroid disease under certain conditions (see Exclusion Criterion #23).

  20. Significant cardiovascular disease (including inadequately controlled hypertension [resting blood pressure >140/90 mmHg despite treatment], history of myocardial infarction, angina, use of anti-anginal medicines [e.g., nitroglycerin], or abnormal cardiac stress test.
  21. History of significant hepatic disease or Screening alanine aminotransferase (ALT) >2.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 3 x ULN and/or total bilirubin >2 x ULN. Patients with documented Gilbert syndrome and total bilirubin level ≥2 x ULN due to unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, without other hepatic impairment, are permitted.
  22. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-Epi) for those >18 years, or by the Schwartz equation for those 12 to 18 years old, <90 mL/min per 1.73 m or rapidly progressing renal disease.

  23. Patients with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism must be on stable treatment for at least 3 months prior to Screening (with normal free thyroxine [T4] levels if hypothyroid).

    (US ONLY) Patients with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism must be on stable treatment for at least 3 months prior to Screening (with normal free thyroxine [T4] levels if hypothyroid). A thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level > 1.5 times the ULN at Screening is an exclusion criterion.

  24. Any clinically significant abnormal findings during Screening, and any other medical condition(s) or laboratory findings that, in the opinion of the investigator, might jeopardize the patient's safety or ability to complete the trial.

    (US ONLY) Any clinically significant abnormal findings during Screening, and any other medical condition(s) or laboratory findings that, in the opinion of the investigator, might jeopardize the patient's safety or ability to complete the trial. This includes anticipated major surgery during the duration of the trial, which could interfere with participation in the trial.

  25. History of malignancy not in remission within the last 5 years other than adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer or cervical carcinoma in situ.
  26. Patients with any mental condition rendering him/her unable to understand the nature, scope and possible consequences of the trial, and/or evidence of poor compliance with medical instructions at Screening or showing non-compliance during the Run-In Period.
  27. A history of alcohol or drug abuse or dependence within the past 12 months based on DSM IV criteria.
  28. Current or previous participation in a trial of Diamyd.
  29. Participation in a clinical trial involving administration of an investigational drug in the past 3 months or 5 half-lives (whichever is longer) prior to first dosing of study drug or during the trial.
  30. Females who are breastfeeding, pregnant or plan to become pregnant during the trial.
  31. Patients who in the opinion of the investigator will not be able to follow instructions and/or follow the study procedures or patients that are unwilling or unable to comply with the provisions of this protocol.
  32. An employee or immediate family member of an employee of Diamyd Medical AB.
  33. (US ONLY) For subjects aged 18 years and older, a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 or ≤18.5 kg/m2; for subject aged under 18 years BMI ≥85th percentile or ≤5th percentile for age and sex according to the US Centre for Disease Control and Prevention.
Contacts and Locations
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Top of Page Study Description Study Design Arms and Interventions Outcome Measures Eligibility Criteria Contacts and Locations More Information

Information from the National Library of Medicine

To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT05018585


Contacts
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Contact: Chief Operating Officer +46 (0) 8 661 00 26 clinicaltrials@diamyd.com

Locations
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Sponsors and Collaborators
Diamyd Medical AB
Investigators
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Principal Investigator: Johnny Ludvigsson, Professor Crown Princess Victoria Children´s Hospital and Linköping University
More Information
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Additional Information:

Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):

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Responsible Party: Diamyd Medical AB
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05018585    
Other Study ID Numbers: DIAGNODE-3 (D/P3/21/7)
2021-002731-32 ( EudraCT Number )
First Posted: August 24, 2021    Key Record Dates
Last Update Posted: April 23, 2024
Last Verified: April 2024
Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement:
Plan to Share IPD: No

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Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product: Yes
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product: No
Keywords provided by Diamyd Medical AB:
Diabetes Mellitus
residual beta cell function
HLA DR3-DQ2
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
Autoimmune Diseases
Metabolic Disease
Autoimmune Diabetes
Vitamin D
Immune System Diseases
Insulin Dependent Diabetes
rhGAD65
GAD65
GAD-alum
residual c-peptide
T1D
 recent-onset T1D
Type 1 Diabetes
HLA
Diamyd
Diabetes
Newly Diagnosed
New onset
DIAGNODE-3
GAD
Diamyd GAD
Intralymphatic injections
Diabetes immunotherapy
Immunotherapy
Antigen-specific
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
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Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
Glucose Metabolism Disorders
Metabolic Diseases
Endocrine System Diseases
Autoimmune Diseases
Immune System Diseases
Cholecalciferol
Vitamin D
Aluminum Hydroxide
 Adjuvants, Immunologic
Immunologic Factors
Physiological Effects of Drugs
Antacids
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
Gastrointestinal Agents
Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents
Vitamins
Micronutrients
Bone Density Conservation Agents