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Maintaining Behavior Change: An Evaluation of a Habit-based Sleep Health Intervention

The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Know the risks and potential benefits of clinical studies and talk to your health care provider before participating. Read our disclaimer for details.
 
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05167695
Recruitment Status : Recruiting
First Posted : December 22, 2021
Last Update Posted : October 24, 2023
Sponsor:
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
Allison Harvey, University of California, Berkeley

Brief Summary:
The study will test a sleep-health intervention that leverages the science on habit formation. It will evaluate if adding a text messaging intervention improves habit formation. The participants will be 18-30 years old.

Condition or disease Intervention/treatment Phase
Circadian Dysregulation Behavioral: Habit-based Sleep Health Intervention Behavioral: Text messaging intervention Not Applicable

Detailed Description:

The study will test a sleep-health intervention that leverages the science on habit formation. Additionally, the investigators will evaluate whether adding a text messaging intervention improves habit formation. The participants will be 18-30 years old. This is a distinct developmental period in which priorities shift toward self-sufficiency and personal responsibility, which are supported by developing adaptive habits.

Main Aim. To evaluate if adding a text messaging intervention, derived from learning theory, to HABITs improves the utilization of sleep health behavior and improves sleep and circadian outcomes and functioning in the five health-relevant domain outcomes in the short (post-treatment) and longer term (6 and 12-months later), relative to HABITs without text messaging.

Main Hypothesis. Relative to HABITs, youth in HABITs+Texts will (a) establish stronger sleep health behavior habits, (b) report utilizing more sleep health behaviors and (c) exhibit improved sleep and circadian functioning and lower health-relevant risk. These effects will be observed at post-treatment as well as 6 and 12-months later.

Exploratory Aim: To evaluate if the Habit-based Sleep Health Intervention ('HABITs') is associated with an improvement in the utilization of sleep health behavior, an improvement in sleep and circadian outcomes and an improvement in functioning in the five health-relevant domain outcomes in the short (post-treatment) and longer term (6 and 12-months later), relative to baseline.

Exploratory Hypothesis. Combining across the HABITs and HABITs+Texts treatment arms, receiving either intervention will be associated with (a) improved sleep health behavior habits, (b) more utilization of sleep health behaviors, (c) improved sleep and circadian functioning and (d) lower health-relevant risk at post-treatment, 6- and 12-month follow-up, relative to baseline.

Additional exploratory analyses: To examine (a) if sleep health behavior that has become habitual mediates the effects of treatment on improvement in sleep, circadian and health outcomes and (b) if intervention effects are moderated by selected variables (e.g., age, sex, minority group, socioeconomic status (SES), season).

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Study Type : Interventional  (Clinical Trial)
Estimated Enrollment : 160 participants
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double (Participant, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary Purpose: Treatment
Official Title: Maintaining Behavior Change: An Evaluation of a Habit-based Sleep Health Intervention
Actual Study Start Date : May 4, 2022
Estimated Primary Completion Date : December 20, 2025
Estimated Study Completion Date : July 1, 2026

Arm Intervention/treatment
Experimental: Habit-based Sleep Health Intervention (HABITs)

Participants in this condition participate in the HABITs intervention which includes 3x50-minute weekly sessions followed by 6x30-minute weekly sessions.

Participants in this group will not receive the texts discussed below.

Behavioral: Habit-based Sleep Health Intervention
A novel low-cost approach derived by leveraging the science of habit formation

Experimental: Habit-based Sleep Health Intervention plus text messages (HABITs+texts)

Participants in this condition participate in the HABITs intervention which includes 3x50-minute weekly sessions followed by 6x30-minute weekly sessions.

Additionally, participants in this group will receive the text messaging intervention.

Behavioral: Habit-based Sleep Health Intervention
A novel low-cost approach derived by leveraging the science of habit formation

Behavioral: Text messaging intervention
In addition to the Habit-based Sleep Health Intervention, the participants will also receive the text messaging intervention.




Primary Outcome Measures :
  1. Self-Report Automaticity Habits Index integrated with the Utilization Scale [ Time Frame: Change from baseline to 1-week post treatment, 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up ]
    16-item; 0-4 scale. Scores can range from 0 to 64 (Higher score means more automaticity in utilization).

  2. Utilization Scale [ Time Frame: Change from baseline to 1-week post treatment, 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up ]
    16-item; 0-4 scale. Scores can range from 0 to 64 (Higher score means more utilization).

  3. Composite Sleep Health Score [ Time Frame: Change from baseline to 1-week post treatment, 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up ]
    Composite Sleep Health Score which is defined as the sum of scores on 6 sleep health dimensions: Regularity (Midpoint fluctuation), Satisfaction (Sleep quality question on PROMIS-SD), Alertness (Daytime sleepiness question on PROMIS-SRI), Timing (Mean midpoint), Efficiency (Sleep efficiency) and Duration (Total Sleep Time). The Sleep Health Composite was constructed such that higher score indicates better sleep health.

  4. Composite Scale of Morningness [ Time Frame: Change from baseline to 1-week post treatment, 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up ]
    Sum of 13-item; Mix of 4-point and 5-point response scale. Scores can range from 13 (extreme evening) to 55 (extreme morning).

  5. Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System - Sleep Related Impairment (PROMIS-SRI) [ Time Frame: Change from baseline to 1-week post treatment, 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up ]
    Sum of 8-items rated on a 5-point response scale. Scores can range from 8 to 40 (Higher score means more Sleep Related impairment)

  6. Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System - Sleep Disturbance (PROMIS-SD) [ Time Frame: Change from baseline to 1-week post treatment, 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up ]
    Sum of 8-items rated on a 5-point response scale. Scores can range from 8 to 40 (Higher score means more Sleep Disturbance)

  7. Adapted version of the Work and Social Adjustment Scale [ Time Frame: Change from baseline to 1-week post treatment, 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up ]
    A measure of emotional, cognitive, physical, social and behavioral risk. The 5 items are each rated on a 0-8 scale. The 5 individual item scores will be summed into a total score (range: 0 to 40; Higher score means worse outcome).


Secondary Outcome Measures :
  1. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [ Time Frame: Change from baseline to 1-week post treatment, 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up ]
    19-item. First four items are integer responses. The rest of the items are on a 0-3 scale. Creates 7 composite scores, with the sum of the composite scores ranging from 0 to 21. (Higher score means increased severity of difficulty in all sleep area components).

  2. Sleep Diary [ Time Frame: Baseline to 1-week post treatment, 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up ]
    (Not a scale); Night-to-night variability in the mid-point of sleep

  3. Actigraphy [ Time Frame: Baseline to 1-week post treatment ]
    (Not a scale); Night-to-night variability in the mid-point of sleep

  4. Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS) [ Time Frame: Change from baseline to 1-week post treatment, 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up ]
    Three subscales-depression, anxiety, stress-of 7 items each, ranging from 0-3 per item. Subscale scores range from 0-21. Final scores are multiplied by two. Higher scores mean worse outcomes. Total score will also be calculated.

  5. Brief Sensation Seeking Scale [ Time Frame: Change from baseline to 1-week post treatment, 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up ]
    8-item; 5-point response scale; Scores can range from 8 to 40 (Higher score means higher sensation seeking).

  6. Physical Health Questionnaire [ Time Frame: Change from baseline to 1-week post treatment, 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up ]
    Sum of 15-item, 0-2 response scale. Scores can range from 0 to 30 (Higher score means worse physical symptoms)

  7. PROMIS-Cognitive Function [ Time Frame: Change from baseline to 1-week post treatment, 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up ]
    6-item; 1-5 response scale. Scores can range from 6-30 (Higher score means better cognitive functioning)

  8. PROMIS-Ability to participate [ Time Frame: Change from baseline to 1-week post treatment, 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up ]
    4-item; 1-5 response scale. Scores can range from 4-20 (Higher score means better social functioning)

  9. Ecological Momentary Assessment Composite Risk Score of Functioning - Emotion [ Time Frame: Change from baseline to 1-week post treatment ]
    (Not a scale) Measured via Ecological Momentary Assessment. a 16-item version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule will be administered. The Positivity Ratio will also be calculated.

  10. Ecological Momentary Assessment Composite Risk Score of Functioning - Cognitive Domain [ Time Frame: Change from baseline to 1-week post treatment ]
    (Not a scale) Measured via Ecological Momentary Assessment. Concentration, distractedness and focus are rated on a 5 point scale.

  11. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) Composite Risk Score of Functioning - Behavioral Domain [ Time Frame: Change from baseline to 1-week post treatment ]
    (Not a scale) Measured via Ecological Momentary Assessment. The investigators assess eating, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, marijuana, opioids and prescription and over the counter (OTC) stimulants and sleep aids. Participants will also be asked to list the use of additional psychoactive drugs (e.g. cocaine). The investigators tabulate the average weekly frequency and intake of each substance.

  12. Ecological Momentary Assessment Composite Risk Score of Functioning - Social Domain [ Time Frame: Change from baseline to 1-week post treatment ]
    (Not a scale) Measured via Ecological Momentary Assessment. will assess if the participant is with anyone at the time of the call. Positivity Ratio (see EMA for Emotional Health) will be calculated when the participant is alone, with a family member or with a friend.

  13. Ecological Momentary Assessment Composite Risk Score of Functioning - Physical Domain [ Time Frame: Change from baseline to 1-week post treatment ]
    (Not a scale) Measured via Ecological Momentary Assessment. Physical activity and sedentary behaviors will be assessed.

  14. Self Report Habit Index: Primary habit bundle to build [ Time Frame: At the end of the 2nd through last treatment session, which starts 2 to 3 weeks after the beginning of treatment. Also at 1-week post treatment, 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up ]
    6 items rated on 1-5 scale. Scores can range from 1 to 30

  15. Self Report Habit Index: Primary habit bundle to dismantle [ Time Frame: At the end of the 2nd through last treatment session, which starts 2 to 3 weeks after the beginning of treatment. Also at 1-week post treatment, 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up ]
    6 items rated on 1-5 scale. Scores can range from 0 to 30


Other Outcome Measures:
  1. Adapted version of the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (individual items) [ Time Frame: Change from baseline to 1-week post treatment, 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up ]
    A measure of emotional, cognitive, physical, social and behavioral risk. The 5 items are each rated on a 0-8 scale. The 5 individual item scores will be reported separately (range: 0 to 8; Higher score means worse outcome).

  2. Self Report Habit Index: Secondary habit bundle to build [ Time Frame: At the end of the 2nd through last treatment session, which starts 2 to 3 weeks after the beginning of treatment. Also at 1-week post treatment, 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up ]
    1 item rated on 1-5 scale. Scores can range from 1 to 5

  3. Self Report Habit Index: Secondary habit bundle to dismantle [ Time Frame: At the end of the 2nd through last treatment session, which starts 2 to 3 weeks after the beginning of treatment. Also at 1-week post treatment, 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up ]
    1 items rated on 1-5 scale. Scores can range from 1 to 5

  4. Height [ Time Frame: Change from baseline to 1-week post treatment, 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up ]
    (cm)

  5. Weight [ Time Frame: Change from baseline to 1-week post treatment, 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up ]
    Pounds (lbs)

  6. Hip circumference [ Time Frame: Change from baseline to 1-week post treatment, 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up ]
    (cm)

  7. Waist circumference [ Time Frame: Change from baseline to 1-week post treatment, 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up ]
    (cm)

  8. Sleep Diary [ Time Frame: Change from baseline to 1-week post treatment, 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up ]
    (Not a scale); Consensus sleep diary variables, including total sleep time, bedtime, and wake-time, calculated separately for weekdays and weekends.

  9. Actigraphy [ Time Frame: Change from baseline to 1-week post treatment ]
    (Not a scale); Sleep parameters, including sleep onset time, sleep offset time, and total sleep time, calculated separately for weekdays and weekends.

  10. Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scale (SOCS) [ Time Frame: Change from baseline to 1-week post treatment, 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up ]

    Sum of 20-item, 5-point response scale. Scores can range from 20 to 100 (Higher score means higher compassion for self).

    Sub-scale items included.


  11. Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire - Revised [ Time Frame: Change from baseline to 1-week post treatment, 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up ]

    4-item. Total scores can range from 3-18 (Higher Score means higher Suicidal ideation)

    Sub-scale items included.


  12. Alexian Brothers Urge to Self Injure Scale [ Time Frame: Change from baseline to 1-week post treatment, 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up ]
    5-item. 0-6 point scale. Total scores can range from 0-30 (Higher Score means higher Suicidal ideation)

  13. State authenticity [ Time Frame: Change from baseline to 1-week post treatment, 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up ]
    A measure of state authenticity. The 4 items are each rated on a 1-7 scale. The sum is averaged (range 1-7; higher scores mean more authenticity)

  14. Past month estimates of sleep mid-point workfree days and night-to-night sleep variability [ Time Frame: Once at baseline ]
    Questions to assess mid-point and night-to-night variability eligibility criteria

  15. Sleep Medication Log [ Time Frame: Once at baseline ]
    Questions to assess use of medications

  16. Credibility Expectancy Questionnaire [ Time Frame: After the 2nd treatment session, which is 2 to 3 weeks after the beginning of treatment. Again at the post-treatment assessment which is 1-week post treatment ]
    first 3 items are on a 1-9 scale. The final item is on a 0-100 scale. (Higher score means the treatment was evaluated as more credible).

  17. Adverse Events Checklist [ Time Frame: At the 1-week post treatment assessment only ]
    16 items to assess adverse events experienced during treatment

  18. Proportion of text messages read [ Time Frame: At the 1-week post treatment assessment only ]
    1 item rated from 0% to 100%

  19. Script Elicitation Worksheet [ Time Frame: After starting treatment, at the end of the 1st through 3rd treatment session (week 1 through week 3 of treatment) ]
    (Not a scale); Individualized for each patient, the worksheet includes primary and secondary habit bundles to build and dismantle (e.g., sleep-onset habits, WASO habits, rise-up habits, daytime habits, sleep efficiency habits), and strategy to dismantle primary and secondary habit bundles (e.g., substitution, removing or curtailing, reorganizing)



Information from the National Library of Medicine

Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.


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Ages Eligible for Study:   18 Years to 30 Years   (Adult)
Sexes Eligible for Study:   All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:   Yes
Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Scoring less than or equal to 26 on the Composite Scale of Morningness OR Mid-point of sleep later than 4:30 AM for 18-24 yo and 3:50 AM for 25-30 yo on work-free/weekend days over the past month OR Night-to-night variation in sleep and wake times across one month of 2 hours or more.
  2. 'At risk' in one of the five health domains: the emotional domain, the cognitive domain, the behavioral domain, the physical domain and the social domain. "Risk" is defined as scoring 4 or higher on one item from an adapted version of the Work and Social Adjustment Scale.
  3. Age between 18 and 30.
  4. English language fluency.
  5. Able and willing to give informed assent.
  6. If taking medication for sleep, the dose and frequency of use must have been stable for at least 4 weeks.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Presence of substance abuse/dependence, mental illness, physical illness, suicidality or developmental disorder only if it makes participation in the study unfeasible or if there is a significant risk of harm and/or decompensation if treatment of that comorbid condition is delayed due to participating in this study.
  2. Evidence of sleep apnea, restless legs or periodic limb movements during sleep. Youth presenting with provisional diagnoses of any of these disorders will be referred for a non-study polysomnography evaluation and will be enrolled only if the diagnosis is disconfirmed or if the disorder is treated.
  3. Night shifter worker where the shift is scheduled between the hours of midnight to 6am > 2 nights per week.
  4. Pregnancy or breast-feeding.

Information from the National Library of Medicine

To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT05167695


Contacts
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Contact: Estephania Ovalle Patino, BA 6613127786 estephaniao@berkeley.edu
Contact: Sondra Tiab, BA 4055322583 sondratiab@berkeley.edu

Locations
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United States, California
University of California Recruiting
Berkeley, California, United States, 94703
Principal Investigator: Allison G Harvey, PhD         
Sponsors and Collaborators
University of California, Berkeley
Investigators
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Principal Investigator: Allison Harvey, PhD University of California, Berkeley
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Responsible Party: Allison Harvey, Professor of Clinical Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05167695    
Other Study ID Numbers: 2021-06-14409
First Posted: December 22, 2021    Key Record Dates
Last Update Posted: October 24, 2023
Last Verified: October 2023

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Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product: No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product: No
Keywords provided by Allison Harvey, University of California, Berkeley:
Habits
Circadian
Sleep
transdiagnostic
Intervention
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
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Chronobiology Disorders
Nervous System Diseases