Investigation of the Effect of Foot Muscle Fatigue on the Foot Sole and Tendon Structural Properties
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ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06025266 |
Recruitment Status :
Completed
First Posted : September 6, 2023
Last Update Posted : September 11, 2023
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Condition or disease | Intervention/treatment | Phase |
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Healthy Participants | Device: Evaluation of Viscoelastic and mechanical properties with MyotonPRO | Not Applicable |
Study Type : | Interventional (Clinical Trial) |
Actual Enrollment : | 19 participants |
Allocation: | Non-Randomized |
Intervention Model: | Crossover Assignment |
Intervention Model Description: | The same 19 people were seen 3 times to evaluate. |
Masking: | None (Open Label) |
Primary Purpose: | Other |
Official Title: | Investigation of the Acute Effect of Foot Extrinsic Muscle Fatigue on Viscoelastic Properties of the Plantar Fascia and Achilles Tendon |
Actual Study Start Date : | October 20, 2022 |
Actual Primary Completion Date : | November 5, 2022 |
Actual Study Completion Date : | January 23, 2023 |
Arm | Intervention/treatment |
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Experimental: Unilateral Heel Raise
Muscle fatigue was created by exercise consisting of a combination of repetitive plantar flexion and dorsiflexion movements performed during the entire range of motion of the ankle at the frequency of movement determined by the metronome on one step.
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Device: Evaluation of Viscoelastic and mechanical properties with MyotonPRO
MyotonPro™, a handheld, non-invasive and painless device, is used for non-invasive measurement of the biomechanical and viscoelastic properties of soft biological tissues such as superficial skeletal muscles, fascia, tendons and ligaments. The properties of the structures can be measured from different regions during complete rest or contraction. |
Experimental: Closed Chain Resisted Foot Adduction
The exercise was performed on the designed wooden assembly. The device was used to maintain the neutral position of the subtalar joint, stabilize the lateral and medial malleoli, and prevent compensation with the knee and hip joints. Individuals were seated with the knee flexed approximately 80 degrees and separated from the other extremity by the length of the forearm, and the contralateral knee was stabilized with the ipsilateral hand. The foot was brought from the abduction position to the adduction position and the heel was not lifted from the ground throughout the movement. The exercise was performed using a green elastic band.The movement was performed in sets of 50 concentric/eccentric contractions. A rest period of 10 seconds was added between each set.
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Device: Evaluation of Viscoelastic and mechanical properties with MyotonPRO
MyotonPro™, a handheld, non-invasive and painless device, is used for non-invasive measurement of the biomechanical and viscoelastic properties of soft biological tissues such as superficial skeletal muscles, fascia, tendons and ligaments. The properties of the structures can be measured from different regions during complete rest or contraction. |
Experimental: Combined Exercise
Unilateral Heel Raise and Closed Chain Resisted Foot Adduction exercises were performed sequentially.
|
Device: Evaluation of Viscoelastic and mechanical properties with MyotonPRO
MyotonPro™, a handheld, non-invasive and painless device, is used for non-invasive measurement of the biomechanical and viscoelastic properties of soft biological tissues such as superficial skeletal muscles, fascia, tendons and ligaments. The properties of the structures can be measured from different regions during complete rest or contraction. |
- Biomechanical and viscoelastic properties of tissue [ Time Frame: 3 weeks ]Biomechanical and viscoelastic properties of AT and PF were performed using MyotonPro™ (Myoton AS, Tallinn, Estonia) device. Before and immediately after the application of the fatigue protocol, AT and PF measurements were made separately with the MyotonPro™ device. The measurement points determined for AT and PF of individuals during rest were marked with a medical marker pen (16). The measurement points of each person and their distances to the anatomical points were measured with the help of a tape measure and recorded in their files to find the same point again. During the measurement, the probe of the device was adjusted to pulse once into the skin with a force of 0.4 N and for 15 ms. During the test, the tip of the MyotonPro™ device was placed perpendicular to the marked area and gently pressed against the skin at a depth of 3 mm until the green light came on.
- Identifying the Dominant Foot [ Time Frame: 1 day ]
The dominant foot was determined using the ball-kicking method. While the individual was standing, a ball was placed in the middle of both feet and the individual was asked to hit the ball with his foot. The extremity on which the individual hit the ball was accepted as dominant.
The dominant foot was determined using the ball-kicking method. While the individual was standing, a ball was placed in the middle of both feet and the individual was asked to hit the ball with his foot. The extremity on which the individual hit the ball was accepted as dominant.
- Physical Activity Level [ Time Frame: 1 day ]The physical activity level of the individuals was evaluated with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-Short Form. This scale, whose short form consists of 7 items, provides information about the time spent during the activity by classifying the activity according to the differences in intensity level. Total Physical Activity Score; The vigorous and moderate physical activity and walking times of the participants in the last 7 days were calculated with the formulas by multiplying the minutes, the number of days and the MET-minute score appropriate for the physical activity performed (MET (Metabolic Equivalent of Task)-min/week). According to the questionnaire, physical activity levels are those who are not physically active (<600 MET-min/week), low physical activity level (600-3000 MET-min/week) and adequate physical activity level (beneficial for health) (> 3000 MET-min/week).
- Sit-Reach Test [ Time Frame: 1 day ]In particular, a sit-reach bench (Baseline®, Cooper Institute/YMCA, AAHPERD, New York, USA) was used to measure the flexibility of the lower back and hamstring muscles. Subjects were asked to contact a standard sit-and-reach bench in a sitting position, with their backs against the wall and their knees in full extension, with the soles of their feet flat on the box. Then, individuals were asked to reach forward as far as possible by pushing the device apparatus with their fingertips without lifting their knees, with their palms facing down. Measurements were repeated 3 times and the average of the values was recorded.
- Silfverskiold Test [ Time Frame: 1 day ]The muscle shortness assessment of the individuals regarding M. Gastrocnemius was performed on both ankles while in the supine position using the Silfverskiold method and universal goniometer. While the knee joint was in full extension and 90° flexion, and the subtalar joint was in the neutral position, the dorsiflexion of the ankle was passively performed by the assessor, and the fixed arm of the universal goniometer was measured on the fibula shaft and the mobile arm was placed on the fifth metatarsal shaft. The resulting angles were recorded in degrees.
- Navicular Height [ Time Frame: 1 day ]The navicular height was defined as the distance of the navicular tubercle to the ground when the individual was standing in a relaxed position. In our study; Subjects were asked to stand in a comfortable position for navicular height assessment. The medial protrusion of the tuberosity of the navicular was detected and marked by palpation, and the distance between this point and the ground was measured using a millimetric ruler. The result is recorded in millimeters
- Navicular Drop Distance [ Time Frame: 1 day ]Before the measurement, the medial protrusion of the tuberosity of the navicular was detected and marked by palpation. The height of the navicular tubercle was determined with the help of a millimetric ruler placed on the medial part of the foot while the individuals were sitting in a chair with the soles of their feet touching the ground and the hips and knees flexed to 90°. Individuals were asked to stand up and the height of the navicular tubercle was determined again. The amount of change was determined with the help of a ruler and recorded. Each measurement was repeated 3 times and the average value was recorded in millimeters.
- Evaluation of Foot Posture [ Time Frame: 1 day ]Foot Posture Index-6 was used to evaluate foot posture. During the evaluation, the subjects were asked to stand in a way that was comfortable, without moving. Test; It was performed by the physiotherapist based on observation and palpation while the individual was in a static and comfortable standing position. The index consists of 6 items in total, 3 items in the forefoot and 3 items in the hindfoot. In the study; Evaluations were made bilaterally based on observation and palpation from the posterior, medial, lateral and anterior aspects.
- Evaluation of Fatigue [ Time Frame: 3 weeks ]The level of fatigue perceived by the individuals during the study was evaluated with the "Borg Fatigue Scale" immediately after completing the fatigue protocol exercises. Developed by Borg, this scale has 10 levels in its modified form, and the category ratio scale consists of definitions corresponding to certain numbers. The participant was asked to score the perceived fatigue between 0 (not at all) and 10 (very very hard).
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Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years to 35 Years (Adult) |
Sexes Eligible for Study: | Female |
Gender Based Eligibility: | Yes |
Gender Eligibility Description: | Only males were included, as sex hormones could affect the structural properties of soft tissues such as muscle and fascia. |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | Yes |
Inclusion Criteria:
- Agreeing to participate in the study voluntarily
- Being a healthy, sedentary male individual between the ages of 18 and 35
- Being in categories 1 and 2 according to the International Physical Activity Survey (UFAA)
- Having a normal Body Mass Index (BMI) (18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI ≤24.9 kg/m2)
- Having a neutral foot posture (<6 points in the Foot Posture Index)
Exclusion Criteria:
- Refusing to participate in the study or wanting to leave the study
- Having a history of previous surgery in the lower extremity
- Being diagnosed with a musculoskeletal disease
- Having any chronic disease (hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, rheumatism, etc.)
- Having a skin lesion in the area to be measured
- Significant weakness in the lower extremity gross muscle test
- Any limitation in the normal range of motion of the lower extremity
- Having any deformity in the foot (pes planus, pes cavus, hallux valgus)
- Navicular drop distance ≥10 mm
- Limitation in the range of motion of the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint (hallux rigidus-limitus)
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT06025266
Turkey | |
University of Health Sciences | |
İstanbul, Uskudar, Turkey, 34862 |
Principal Investigator: | Simge Dönmez | Kütahya Health Sciences University | |
Principal Investigator: | Fatmagül Varol | Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi |
Responsible Party: | Simge Dönmez, Physiotherapist, Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT06025266 |
Other Study ID Numbers: |
11-959 |
First Posted: | September 6, 2023 Key Record Dates |
Last Update Posted: | September 11, 2023 |
Last Verified: | September 2023 |
Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement: | |
Plan to Share IPD: | No |
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product: | No |
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product: | No |
viscoelastic properties MyotonPRO fatigue plantar fascia Achilles tendon |
Fatigue |