Turner Syndrome: Genotype and Phenotype

• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00006334
• Recruitment Status: Completed
• First Posted: October 5, 2000
• Last Update Posted: October 6, 2017
• Sponsor: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
• Collaborator: National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)
• Information provided by: National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)

Tracking Information

• First Submitted Date: October 4, 2000
• First Posted Date: October 5, 2000
• Last Update Posted Date: October 6, 2017
• Study Start Date: September 26, 2000
• Primary Completion Date: Not Provided
• Current Primary Outcome Measures: Not Provided
• Original Primary Outcome Measures: Not Provided
• Current Secondary Outcome Measures: Not Provided
• Original Secondary Outcome Measures: Not Provided
• Current Other Pre-specified Outcome Measures: Not Provided
• Original Other Pre-specified Outcome Measures: Not Provided

Descriptive Information

• Brief Title: Turner Syndrome: Genotype and Phenotype
• Official Title: Turner Syndrome: Genotype and Phenotype

Brief Summary

This study examines the clinical and genetic factors related to Turner syndrome, a disorder of the sex chromosomes. Humans usually have 23 pairs of chromosomes-thin strands of DNA-in the nucleus of every cell, which contain genes that determine our hereditary makeup. One pair of chromosomes is the sex chromosomes, designated X and Y. Females usually have two X chromosomes; however, patients with Turner syndrome have only a single X chromosome or one normal and one defective X or Y chromosome. This abnormality can cause medical problems such as short stature, premature ovarian failure and heart or kidney defects. Individuals with Turner syndrome have an increased risk of thyroid disorders, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, abnormal liver function, hearing loss and osteoporosis. This study will try to identify the genes responsible for the specific medical problems associated with the disorder.

Females 10 years of age and older with X chromosome defects may be eligible for this 3- to 5- day inpatient study at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center in Bethesda, Maryland. Participants will have a physical examination, body measurements (height, weight, hip and waist) and blood drawn for clinical and research purposes.

Participants will have a comprehensive cardiovascular evaluation, including an electrocardiogram (ECG), 24 hour blood pressure monitoring, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the heart and aorta, ultrasound imaging of the heart (cardiac echo) and expert consultation with the NIH Cardiology Service. Women 35 years of age and older may have a computerized tomography (CT) scan of the coronary arteries to investigate possible blockage of the heart blood supply.

Risk for diabetes is investigated by studies of the body fat content and an oral glucose tolerance test. The risk for coronary artery disease is assessed by measurement of cholesterol and other known risk factors in the blood. Thyroid function and presence of antibodies to the thyroid gland are also evaluated by blood tests.

Liver function is tested by measurement of products of liver metabolism in the blood and by a liver ultrasound. Ovary function is investigated by blood tests of estrogen and FSH levels and pelvic untrasound which visualizes the uterus.

Bone structure and strength are evaluated by routine X-rays of the wrists and spine, and DEXA scan (a type of X-ray study that measures body fat, muscle and bone thickness). Adults will also have bone density of the spine and abdominal fat content measured by CT, which is more accurate than DEXA. Vitamin D levels are measured in blood tests.These are state of the art diagnostic tests which may uncover unsuspected anatomic problems such as abnormalities of the aorta or aortic valve which have serious clinical implications and would indicate the need for close medical follow-up, as well as uncover potential risk for development of diabetes or osteoporosis in the future, which would also indicate the need for changes in lifestyle or medical management. Study participants are invited to return for re-evaluation at 1-3 year intervals. A major goal of follow-up visits is to determine whether there is any enlargement of aortic diameter or impairment of cardiac function over time.

Some patients may be asked to undergo a skin biopsy (removal of a small sample of skin tissue) to obtain more information about genetic make-up of cells. Parents of patients may be contacted (with the patient's permission) to provide a blood or saliva sample for genetic study to help understand how and why certain traits of Turner syndrome are expressed.

• Detailed Description: Turner syndrome (TS) is a sporadic disorder affecting ~ 1/2500 live female births. It is caused by the absence of all or significant parts of one sex-chromosome. Major developmental consequences include severe short stature, ovarian failure and distinctive cognitive and behavioral traits, with renal and cardiovascular defects affecting a minority. Adults with TS have excessive rates of osteoporosis, hypertension and diabetes mellitus and experience morbidity and mortality several-fold higher than the general population. Many of the problems of TS result from haplo-insufficiency for X-chromosome encoded genes, most of which remain unknown. Previous studies attempting to correlate genotype with phenotype in TS have been limited due to small numbers of subjects, limited genetic methodology and incomplete phenotypic characterization. This study aims to correlate TS phenotypes and genotypes using advanced clinical and genetic diagnostic methodologies, with the goal of identifying X-chromosome genes and epigenetic mechanisms causing the different features of TS. For TS subjects with a 45X genotype, the parental origin of the single normal X-chromosome will be traced to identify genomically imprinted features of the disorder. X chromosomal structural defects will be analyzed using high-resolution physical mapping in relation to emerging sequence data from the Human Genome Project. The elucidation of genetic mechanisms in TS will help improve the diagnosis and treatment of girls and women with this disorder and will further our understanding of gene dosage effects in general.
• Study Type: Observational
• Study Design: Not Provided
• Target Follow-Up Duration: Not Provided
• Biospecimen: Not Provided
• Sampling Method: Not Provided
• Study Population: Not Provided
• Condition: Turner's Syndrome
• Intervention: Not Provided
• Study Groups/Cohorts: Not Provided

Publications *

• Bakalov VK, Axelrod L, Baron J, Hanton L, Nelson LM, Reynolds JC, Hill S, Troendle J, Bondy CA. Selective reduction in cortical bone mineral density in turner syndrome independent of ovarian hormone deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Dec;88(12):5717-22. doi: 10.1210/jc.2003-030913.
• Hanton L, Axelrod L, Bakalov V, Bondy CA. The importance of estrogen replacement in young women with Turner syndrome. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2003 Dec;12(10):971-7. doi: 10.1089/154099903322643893.
• Bakalov VK, Chen ML, Baron J, Hanton LB, Reynolds JC, Stratakis CA, Axelrod LE, Bondy CA. Bone mineral density and fractures in Turner syndrome. Am J Med. 2003 Sep;115(4):259-64. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(03)00364-4.
• Reimann GE, Bernad Perman MM, Ho PS, Parks RA, Comis LE. Psychosocial Characteristics of Women with a Delayed Diagnosis of Turner Syndrome. J Pediatr. 2018 Aug;199:206-211. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.03.058. Epub 2018 May 9.
• Matura LA, Ho VB, Rosing DR, Bondy CA. Aortic dilatation and dissection in Turner syndrome. Circulation. 2007 Oct 9;116(15):1663-70. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.685487. Epub 2007 Sep 17.

Recruitment Information

• Recruitment Status: Completed
• Actual Enrollment (submitted: April 25, 2013): 1017
• Original Enrollment (submitted: June 23, 2005): 1200
• Study Completion Date: July 8, 2014
• Primary Completion Date: Not Provided

Eligibility Criteria

• INCLUSION CRITERIA - for TS Subjects:

Phenotypic females greater than or equal to 10 years of age

Evidence of X-chromosomal abnormality

Those with a karyotype of 45X/46XX must have at least 80% 45X lymphocytes.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA - for TS Subjects:

Co-existing autosomal defects

Pregnancy

INCLUSION CRITERIA - for the Parents of TS Subjects (for DNA only):

Biological parent of a TS subject

Willingness to participate

EXCLUSION CRITERIA - for the Parents of TS Subjects (for DNA only):

None

Sex/Gender

• Sexes Eligible for Study: All

• Ages: 10 Years and older (Child, Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Contacts: Contact information is only displayed when the study is recruiting subjects
• Listed Location Countries: United States

Administrative Information

• NCT Number: NCT00006334
• Other Study ID Numbers: 000219; 00-CH-0219
• Has Data Monitoring Committee: Not Provided
• U.S. FDA-regulated Product: Not Provided
• IPD Sharing Statement: Not Provided
• Current Responsible Party: Not Provided
• Original Responsible Party: Same as current
• Current Study Sponsor: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
• Original Study Sponsor: Same as current
• Collaborators: National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)

Investigators

• Principal Investigator: Carolyn A Bondy, M.D.; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)

• PRS Account: National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)
• Verification Date: July 8, 2014