Randomized Trial on Intraoperative Radiotherapy Full Dose Vs External Radiotherapy (ELIOT)

• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01849133
• Recruitment Status: Completed
• First Posted: May 8, 2013
• Last Update Posted: May 8, 2013
• Sponsor: European Institute of Oncology
• Information provided by (Responsible Party): European Institute of Oncology

Tracking Information

• First Submitted Date: May 5, 2013
• First Posted Date: May 8, 2013
• Last Update Posted Date: May 8, 2013
• Study Start Date: November 2000
• Actual Primary Completion Date: December 2012 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)

Current Primary Outcome Measures (submitted: May 5, 2013)

Number of local relapses [ Time Frame: 5 YEARS ]

local relapse of disease and ipsilateral second primary

• Original Primary Outcome Measures: Same as current
• Change History: No Changes Posted
• Current Secondary Outcome Measures: Not Provided
• Original Secondary Outcome Measures: Not Provided
• Current Other Pre-specified Outcome Measures: Not Provided
• Original Other Pre-specified Outcome Measures: Not Provided

Descriptive Information

• Brief Title: Randomized Trial on Intraoperative Radiotherapy Full Dose Vs External Radiotherapy
• Official Title: Randomized Clinical Trial: Comparison Between Quadrantectomy Followed by External Fractionated Radiotherapy and Quadrantectomy Associated With Intraoperative Radiotherapy in Women >= 48 Years of Age Affected by Early-stage Breast Carcinoma.
• Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of exclusive intraoperative radiation therapy after conserving surgery in early-stage breast cancer compared with whole breast radiotherapy. The primary outcome was the rate of ipsilateral true recurrence ( any recurrence at or close to primary tumor bed) and new ipsilateral tumors ( any recurrence occurring in quadrants other than the previous one) and the recurrence free survival.

Detailed Description

The ELIOT trial is a prospective single center randomised phase III trial which compared intraoperative radiotherapy with electrons to the tumor bed with conventional scheme of whole breast external beam radiotherapy. Patients were randomly allocated to intraoperative radiotherapy group or external radiotherapy group in a 1:1 ratio.

The rationale for providing partial breast irradiation to the tumor bed lies on the patterns of ipsilateral breast tumor relapse reported in Literature. In fact, the majority of recurrences occur close to the tumor bed. Several randomized trials of breast conserving surgery with or without whole breast radiotherapy showed that in 75-90% of cases recurrences were at the site of original primary tumor. In this context, limiting irradiation to the tumor bed may result in a similar local control as whole breast irradiation, provided that patients are properly selected.

The intraoperative treatment was delivered with a mobile miniaturized accelerator, located in the operating room, while for external radiotherapy a 6 MV linear accelerator was used. The surgical technique to perform ELIOT has been standardized in every step. The breast gland is prepared by separating it from the subcutaneous tissue and the underlying pectoralis muscle and by restoring the continuity of the surgical breach after having protected the thoracic wall by lead and aluminium disks to optimize the delivered dose. The linear accelerator delivers electrons at variable energy, ranging from 3 to 9 MeV: the proper electron energy is chosen according to the target thickness. Collimation is achieved by hard-docking system, consisting of 5 mm thick high- quality polymethyl methacrylate round applicators of 4 to 10 -cm diameter.

For radiation protection a primary beam stopper and mobile 1.5 cm thick lead shields are provided. The prescribed dose was 21 Gy at the 90% isodose. After delivery of the radiation dose, the applicator and the disk were removed and the gland is reconstructed again.

In the conventional arm of the study, the external beam radiotherapy is given after the full recovery from the surgical excision. All patients undergo virtual simulation including a treatment-planning CT scan. The clinical target volume is defined to extend to 5 mm below the skin surface and include breast parenchyma down to the deep fascia, but not including the underlying muscle and rib cage. The irradiated volume should extend medially to the midline, laterally to the mid axillary line and inferiorly to 1-2 cm below the level of intra-mammary fold and superiorly to the suprasternal notch. Using BEV, the blocks are used to shield as much heart and lung as possible without compromising the PTV.

Treatment is delivered by a pair of tangential fields with wedges as necessary. The prescribed dose to the whole-breast was 50 Gy delivered in 2 Gy fraction over 5 weeks with a 6 -megavolt linear accelerator followed by a sequential boost of 10 Gy to the tumor bed with electrons. A PTV dose homogeneity of -5% + 7% as recommended by ICRU (International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements) report no 50.

Patients were followed up with at least 6-month clinical examination up to 5 years and then every 8 months thereafter. Annual mammogram was performed .

• Study Type: Interventional
• Study Phase: Not Applicable
• Study Design: Allocation: Randomized; Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment; Masking: None (Open Label); Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Condition: Carcinoma Breast

Intervention

• Radiation: external fractionated radiotherapy
  conventional external beam radiotherapy
• Radiation: intraoperative radiotherapy
  Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT). Total delivered dose 21Gy (Gray), 90% isodose

Study Arms

• Experimental: ELIOT
  intraoperative radiotherapy
  Intervention: Radiation: intraoperative radiotherapy
• Active Comparator: EXTERNAL RT
  external fractionated radiotherapy
  Intervention: Radiation: external fractionated radiotherapy

Publications *

• Veronesi U, Orecchia R, Luini A, Gatti G, Intra M, Zurrida S, Ivaldi G, Tosi G, Ciocca M, Tosoni A, De Lucia F. A preliminary report of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) in limited-stage breast cancers that are conservatively treated. Eur J Cancer. 2001 Nov;37(17):2178-83. doi: 10.1016/s0959-8049(01)00285-4.
• Gatzemeier W, Orecchia R, Gatti G, Intra M, Veronesi U. [Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) in treatment of breast carcinoma--a new therapeutic alternative within the scope of breast-saving therapy? Current status and future prospects. Report of experiences from the European Institute of Oncology (EIO), Mailand]. Strahlenther Onkol. 2001 Jul;177(7):330-7. doi: 10.1007/pl00002415. German.
• Intra M, Gatti G, Luini A, Galimberti V, Veronesi P, Zurrida S, Frasson A, Ciocca M, Orecchia R, Veronesi U. Surgical technique of intraoperative radiotherapy in conservative treatment of limited-stage breast cancer. Arch Surg. 2002 Jun;137(6):737-40. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.137.6.737.
• Veronesi U, Gatti G, Luini A, Intra M, Orecchia R, Borgen P, Zelefsky M, McCormick B, Sacchini V. Intraoperative radiation therapy for breast cancer: technical notes. Breast J. 2003 Mar-Apr;9(2):106-12. doi: 10.1046/j.1524-4741.2003.09208.x.
• Ciocca M, Orecchia R, Garibaldi C, Rondi E, Luini A, Gatti G, Intra M, Veronesi P, Lazzari R, Tosi G, Veronesi U. In vivo dosimetry using radiochromic films during intraoperative electron beam radiation therapy in early-stage breast cancer. Radiother Oncol. 2003 Dec;69(3):285-9. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2003.09.001.
• Orecchia R, Ciocca M, Lazzari R, Garibaldi C, Leonardi MC, Luini A, Intra M, Gatti G, Veronesi P, Petit JI, Veronesi U. Intraoperative radiation therapy with electrons (ELIOT) in early-stage breast cancer. Breast. 2003 Dec;12(6):483-90. doi: 10.1016/s0960-9776(03)00156-5.
• Veronesi U, Gatti G, Luini A, Intra M, Ciocca M, Sanchez D, Zurrida S, Navarro S, Orecchia R. Full-dose intraoperative radiotherapy with electrons during breast-conserving surgery. Arch Surg. 2003 Nov;138(11):1253-6. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.138.11.1253.
• Intra M, Leonardi MC, Gatti G, Vento AR, Ciocca M, Veronesi P, Bassani G, Dos Santos GR, Rodriguez J, Luini A, Orecchia R, Veronesi U. Intraoperative radiotherapy during breast conserving surgery in patients previously treated with radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. Tumori. 2004 Jan-Feb;90(1):13-6. doi: 10.1177/030089160409000104.
• Intra M, Orecchia R, Veronesi U. Intraoperative radiotherapy: the debate continues. Lancet Oncol. 2004 Jun;5(6):340. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(04)01489-5. No abstract available.
• Orecchia R, Ciocca M, Tosi G, Franzetti S, Luini A, Gatti G, Veronesi U. Intraoperative electron beam radiotherapy (ELIOT) to the breast: a need for a quality assurance programme. Breast. 2005 Dec;14(6):541-6. doi: 10.1016/j.breast.2005.08.038. Epub 2005 Oct 19.
• Intra M, Leonardi C, Luini A, Veronesi P, Gennari R, Gatti G, Ciocca M, Soteldo J, Bassi F, Venturino M, Orecchia R, Veronesi U. Full-dose intraoperative radiotherapy with electrons in breast surgery: broadening the indications. Arch Surg. 2005 Oct;140(10):936-9. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.140.10.936.
• Luini A, Orecchia R, Gatti G, Intra M, Ciocca M, Galimberti V, Veronesi P, Santos GR, Gilardi D, Veronesi U. The pilot trial on intraoperative radiotherapy with electrons (ELIOT): update on the results. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2005 Sep;93(1):55-9. doi: 10.1007/s10549-005-3782-1.
• Orecchia R, Luini A, Veronesi P, Ciocca M, Franzetti S, Gatti G, Veronesi U. Electron intraoperative treatment in patients with early-stage breast cancer: data update. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2006 Apr;6(4):605-11. doi: 10.1586/14737140.6.4.605.
• Petit JY, Veronesi U, Orecchia R, Luini A, Rey P, Intra M, Didier F, Martella S, Rietjens M, Garusi C, DeLorenzi F, Gatti G, Leon ME, Casadio C. Nipple-sparing mastectomy in association with intra operative radiotherapy (ELIOT): A new type of mastectomy for breast cancer treatment. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2006 Mar;96(1):47-51. doi: 10.1007/s10549-005-9033-7. Epub 2005 Oct 27.
• Calvo FA, Meirino RM, Orecchia R. Intraoperative radiation therapy first part: rationale and techniques. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2006 Aug;59(2):106-15. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2005.11.004. Epub 2006 Jul 14.
• Calvo FA, Meirino RM, Orecchia R. intraoperative radiation therapy part 2. Clinical results. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2006 Aug;59(2):116-27. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2006.04.004. Epub 2006 Jul 21.
• Bernier J, Viale G, Orecchia R, Ballardini B, Richetti A, Bronz L, Franzetti-Pellanda A, Intra M, Veronesi U. Partial irradiation of the breast: Old challenges, new solutions. Breast. 2006 Aug;15(4):466-75. doi: 10.1016/j.breast.2005.11.012. Epub 2006 Jan 24.
• Ciocca M, Piazzi V, Lazzari R, Vavassori A, Luini A, Veronesi P, Galimberti V, Intra M, Guido A, Tosi G, Veronesi U, Orecchia R. Real-time in vivo dosimetry using micro-MOSFET detectors during intraoperative electron beam radiation therapy in early-stage breast cancer. Radiother Oncol. 2006 Feb;78(2):213-6. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2005.11.011. Epub 2005 Dec 15.
• Luini A, Gatti G, Zurrida S, Talakhadze N, Brenelli F, Gilardi D, Paganelli G, Orecchia R, Cassano E, Viale G, Sangalli C, Ballardini B, dos Santos GR, Veronesi U. The evolution of the conservative approach to breast cancer. Breast. 2007 Apr;16(2):120-9. doi: 10.1016/j.breast.2006.11.001.
• Ciocca M, Pedroli G, Orecchia R, Guido A, Cattani F, Cambria R, Veronesi U. Radiation survey around a Liac mobile electron linear accelerator for intraoperative radiation therapy. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2009 Apr 28;10(2):131-138. doi: 10.1120/jacmp.v10i2.2950.
• Orecchia R, Ivaldi GB, Leonardi MC. Integrated breast conservation and intraoperative radiation therapy. Breast. 2009 Oct;18 Suppl 3:S98-102. doi: 10.1016/S0960-9776(09)70283-8.
• Petit JY, Veronesi U, Orecchia R, Rey P, Martella S, Didier F, Viale G, Veronesi P, Luini A, Galimberti V, Bedolis R, Rietjens M, Garusi C, De Lorenzi F, Bosco R, Manconi A, Ivaldi GB, Youssef O. Nipple sparing mastectomy with nipple areola intraoperative radiotherapy: one thousand and one cases of a five years experience at the European institute of oncology of Milan (EIO). Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009 Sep;117(2):333-8. doi: 10.1007/s10549-008-0304-y. Epub 2009 Jan 17.
• Galimberti V, Ciocca M, Leonardi MC, Zanagnolo V, Paola B, Manuela S, Sahium RC, Lazzari R, Gentilini O, Peccatori F, Veronesi U, Orecchia R. Is electron beam intraoperative radiotherapy (ELIOT) safe in pregnant women with early breast cancer? In vivo dosimetry to assess fetal dose. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009 Jan;16(1):100-5. doi: 10.1245/s10434-008-0172-z. Epub 2008 Oct 21.
• Rampinelli C, Bellomi M, Ivaldi GB, Intra M, Raimondi S, Meroni S, Orecchia R, Veronesi U. Assessment of pulmonary fibrosis after radiotherapy (RT) in breast conserving surgery: comparison between conventional external beam RT (EBRT) and intraoperative RT with electrons (ELIOT). Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2011 Aug;10(4):323-9. doi: 10.7785/tcrt.2012.500209.
• Intra M, Luini A, Gatti G, Ciocca M, Gentilini OD, Viana AA, Chagas EM, Berrettini A, Schuh F, Scarpa D, Orecchia R, Veronesi U. Surgical technique of intraoperative radiation therapy with electrons (ELIOT) in breast cancer: a lesson learned by over 1000 procedures. Surgery. 2006 Sep;140(3):467-71. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2006.03.019. No abstract available.
• Orecchia R, Veronesi U, Maisonneuve P, Galimberti VE, Lazzari R, Veronesi P, Jereczek-Fossa BA, Cattani F, Sangalli C, Luini A, Caldarella P, Venturino M, Sances D, Zurrida S, Viale G, Leonardi MC, Intra M. Intraoperative irradiation for early breast cancer (ELIOT): long-term recurrence and survival outcomes from a single-centre, randomised, phase 3 equivalence trial. Lancet Oncol. 2021 May;22(5):597-608. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00080-2. Epub 2021 Apr 9.
• Veronesi U, Orecchia R, Maisonneuve P, Viale G, Rotmensz N, Sangalli C, Luini A, Veronesi P, Galimberti V, Zurrida S, Leonardi MC, Lazzari R, Cattani F, Gentilini O, Intra M, Caldarella P, Ballardini B. Intraoperative radiotherapy versus external radiotherapy for early breast cancer (ELIOT): a randomised controlled equivalence trial. Lancet Oncol. 2013 Dec;14(13):1269-77. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70497-2. Epub 2013 Nov 11.

Recruitment Information

• Recruitment Status: Completed
• Actual Enrollment (submitted: May 5, 2013): 1305
• Original Actual Enrollment: Same as current
• Actual Study Completion Date: December 2012
• Actual Primary Completion Date: December 2012 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age ≥ 48 and < 75
• Clinical mammographic/ultrasound diagnosis of unicentric carcinoma, with ultrasound diameter ≤2.5 cm. Advisable, but not mandatory, the execution of mammoscintigraphy with MDP-99mTc (Methyl diphosphonate technetium-99m) : this procedure allows the bone staging and the mapping of eventual multi-focality/multi-centricity of the breast neoplasm.
• No previous therapy (biopsy included) for breast cancer in other Institutions.
• Patients with non-palpable lesions will undergo preoperative centering and stereotactic and/or ultrasound-guided cytology (the execution of this last procedure is not mandatory).
• Adequate information to the patient and informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Ductal or lobular non-infiltrating carcinoma.
• Paget disease.
• Tumor in close proximity to the skin.
• Tumor in the axillary tail.
• Documented multi-centricity/multi-focality of the tumor.
• Patients who underwent excisional biopsy in other Institutions.
• Histology different from carcinoma.
• Personal anamnesis positive for malignancy (basocellular carcinoma, in situ carcinoma of the cervix, contralateral breast cancer free of disease after 15 years of follow-up excluded).
• General contraindications to regular follow-up or radiotherapy.

Sex/Gender

• Sexes Eligible for Study: Female

• Ages: 48 Years to 75 Years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Contacts: Contact information is only displayed when the study is recruiting subjects
• Listed Location Countries: Italy

Administrative Information

• NCT Number: NCT01849133
• Other Study ID Numbers: IEO S65/500
• Has Data Monitoring Committee: No
• U.S. FDA-regulated Product: Not Provided
• IPD Sharing Statement: Not Provided
• Current Responsible Party: European Institute of Oncology
• Original Responsible Party: Same as current
• Current Study Sponsor: European Institute of Oncology
• Original Study Sponsor: Same as current
• Collaborators: Not Provided

Investigators

• Study Chair: UMBERTO VERONESI, PROF; European Institute of Oncology

• PRS Account: European Institute of Oncology
• Verification Date: May 2013