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A Study of Ramucirumab (LY3009806) in Combination With Capecitabine and Cisplatin in Participants With Stomach Cancer (RAINFALL)

The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
 
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02314117
Recruitment Status : Completed
First Posted : December 10, 2014
Results First Posted : May 2, 2018
Last Update Posted : August 26, 2021
Sponsor:
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
Eli Lilly and Company

Study Description
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Brief Summary:
The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of ramucirumab, which is a targeted antibody, in combination with capecitabine and cisplatin compared to capecitabine and cisplatin alone in participants with stomach cancer.

Condition or disease Intervention/treatment Phase
Metastatic Gastric Adenocarcinoma Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma Drug: Ramucirumab Drug: Capecitabine Drug: Cisplatin Drug: Placebo Drug: Fluorouracil Phase 3

Study Design
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Study Type : Interventional  (Clinical Trial)
Actual Enrollment : 645 participants
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double (Participant, Investigator)
Primary Purpose: Treatment
Official Title: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Study of Capecitabine and Cisplatin With or Without Ramucirumab as First-line Therapy in Patients With Metastatic Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma (RAINFALL)
Actual Study Start Date : January 20, 2015
Actual Primary Completion Date : January 17, 2017
Actual Study Completion Date : August 14, 2020

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Arms and Interventions
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Arm Intervention/treatment
Experimental: Ramucirumab + Cisplatin + Capecitabine
8 milligrams/kilogram (mg/kg) ramucirumab given intravenously (IV) on days 1 and 8 in combination with 80 mg/square meter (m^2) cisplatin given IV on day 1 of each 21-day cycle (for up to 6 cycles) and 1000 mg/m^2 capecitabine given orally twice a day on days 1 through 14. Participants that were unable to take capecitabine will be given 800 mg/m^2/day fluorouracil (5-FU) IV on days 1 to 5 of each 21-day cycle.
 Drug: Ramucirumab
Administered IV
Other Names:
  • LY3009806
  • IMC-1121B
  • Cyramza

Drug: Capecitabine
Administered orally

Drug: Cisplatin
Administered IV

Drug: Fluorouracil
Administered IV
Active Comparator: Placebo + Cisplatin + Capecitabine
Placebo for blinding given IV on days 1 and 8 in combination with 80 mg/m^2 cisplatin given IV on day 1 of each 21-day cycle (for up to 6 cycles) and 1000 mg/m^2 capecitabine given orally twice a day on days 1 through 14. Participants that were unable to take capecitabine will be given 800 mg/m^2/day 5-FU IV on days 1 to 5 of each 21-day cycle.
 Drug: Capecitabine
Administered orally

Drug: Cisplatin
Administered IV

Drug: Placebo
Administered IV

Drug: Fluorouracil
Administered IV


Outcome Measures
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Primary Outcome Measures :
  1. Progression-free Survival (PFS) [ Time Frame: Randomization to Radiological Disease Progression or Death from Any Cause (Up to 26 Months) ]
    PFS time was measured from the date of randomization to the date of radiographic(rgr) documentation of progression(by RECIST v.1.1) or the date of death due to any cause, whichever was earlier.If a participant did not have a complete baseline tumor assessment,then the PFS time was censored at the randomization date.If a participant was not known to have died or have rgr documented progression as of the data cutoff date for the analysis, the PFS time was censored at the last adequate tumor assessment date. If death or progressive disease(PD) occurred after 2 or more consecutive missing rgr visits,censoring occurred at the date of the last rgr visit prior to the missed visits.If death or PD occurred after postdiscontinuation(pdis) systemic anticancer therapy,censoring occurred at the date of last rgr visit prior to the start of pdis systemic anticancer therapy. PD was defined according to RECIST v.1.1.


Secondary Outcome Measures :
  1. Overall Survival (OS) [ Time Frame: Randomization to Death from Any Cause (Up To 30 Months) ]
    OS was time from the date of randomization to the date of death from any cause. If the participant was alive at the cutoff for analysis (or was lost to follow-up), OS data were censored for analysis on the last date the participant was known to be alive.

  2. Progression- Free Survival 2 (PFS2) [ Time Frame: Randomization to Second Radiological or Symptomatic Disease Progression After the Start of Additional Systemic Anticancer Treatment or Death from Any Cause (Up To 26 Months) ]
    PFS2 was defined as the time from the date of randomization to second disease progression (defined as objective radiological or symptomatic progression), or death of any cause, whichever occurs first. Participants alive and for whom a second disease progression has not been observed (including participants who did not receive any additional systemic anticancer treatments) were censored at the last time known to be alive and without second disease progression. The second progression refers to disease progression on or after additional systemic anticancer therapy, regardless if any earlier progression is observed or not(e.g. at the end of study treatment). It is assessed by investigator based on overall clinical evaluation, not limited to RECIST.

  3. Percentage of Participants With Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR) (Objective Response Rate [ORR]) [ Time Frame: Randomization to Disease Progression (Up To 26 Months) ]
    Response was defined using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST v1.1).Target lesions - CR: Disappearance of all lesions; any pathological lymph nodes must have reduction in short axis to <10 mm. PR: At least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of lesions vs the baseline sum. PD: At least a 20% increase in the sum of diameters of lesions vs the smallest sum on study (the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm); or the appearance of new lesion(s). Non target lesions - CR: Disappearance of all lesions and normalization of tumor marker levels; all lymph nodes must be non-pathological in size. Non-CR/Non-PD: Persistence of lesion(s) and/or maintenance of abnormal tumor marker levels. PD: Unequivocal progression of existing lesions or the appearance of new lesion(s).ORR calculated as:(sum of the number of participants with PRs and CRs) divided by (number of evaluable participants) multiplied by 100.

  4. Percentage of Participants With Complete Response (CR), Partial Response (PR) or Stable Disease (SD) (Disease Control Rate [DCR]) [ Time Frame: Randomization to Disease Progression (Up To 26 Months) ]
    DCR was the percentage of participants with a best overall response of CR, PR, or SD as per Response using RECIST v1.1 criteria. Target lesions - CR: Disappearance of all lesions; any pathological lymph nodes must have reduction in short axis to <10 mm. PR: At least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of lesions vs the baseline sum. Progressive Disease (PD): At least a 20% increase in the sum of diameters of lesions vs the smallest sum on study (the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm); or the appearance of new lesion(s). Stable Disease: Neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD. Non target lesions - CR: Disappearance of all lesions and normalization of tumor marker levels; all lymph nodes must be non-pathological in size. Non-CR/Non-PD: Persistence of lesion(s) and/or maintenance of abnormal tumor marker levels. PD: Unequivocal progression of existing lesions or the appearance of new lesion(s).

  5. Time to Progression (TTP) [ Time Frame: Randomization to Disease Progression (Up To 24 Months) ]
    TTP was time from the date of randomization to the date of radiographic progression (according to RECIST v.1.1). If a participant died due to any reason without radiographic progression, TTP is censored at the last adequate tumor assessment. Target lesions: Progressive Disease (PD): At least a 20% increase in the sum of diameters of lesions vs the smallest sum on study (the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm); or the appearance of new lesion(s). Non target lesions: PD: Unequivocal progression of existing lesions or the appearance of new lesion(s).

  6. Duration of Response (DoR) [ Time Frame: Date of Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR) to Date of Objective Disease Progression or Death Due to Any Cause (Up To 26 Months) ]
    Participants achieved an objective response if they had a best overall response of CR or PR.Target lesions- CR:Disappearance of all lesions;any pathological lymph nodes must have reduction in short axis to <10 mm.PR: At least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of lesions vs the baseline sum.PD: At least a 20% increase in the sum of diameters of lesions vs the smallest sum on study(the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm); or the appearance of new lesion(s).Non target lesions - CR: Disappearance of all lesions and normalization of tumour marker levels;all lymph nodes must be non-pathological in size. Non-CR/Non-PD:Persistence of lesion(s) and/or maintenance of abnormal tumor marker levels.PD:Unequivocal progression of existing lesions or the appearance of new lesion(s).If a participant was not known to have died or have radiographically documented PD as of the data inclusion cutoff date,DOR was censored at the date of the last adequate tumor assessment.

  7. Time to Deterioration in Quality of Life (QoL) on the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) - Global Health Status/ QoL Scale [ Time Frame: Randomization, First worsening in QoL (Up To 26 Months) ]
    Time to sustained deterioration was defined as time from randomization to first worsening in QoL with no subsequent non-worsened assessment. Worsening in global health status/QoL was defined as a decrease of ≥10 points on a 100-point scale. If a participant did not report worsening, time to sustained deterioration was censored at date of last non-worsened assessment.

  8. Change in Health Status on the EuroQol 5-Dimensions 5-Level Instrument (EQ-5D- 5L) [ Time Frame: Randomization, 30 Days After Treatment Discontinuation (Up To 5 Months) ]
    The EQ-5D-5L is a standardized instrument for use as a measure of self-reported health status. Five dimensions of health status are each assessed with 5 response options and scored as a composite index which were anchored on a scale of 0 to 1 with a higher score representing better health status. Additionally, current health status was assessed on a visual analogue scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 100 with a higher score representing better health status.

  9. Time to Deterioration in Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status (PS) [ Time Frame: Randomization to ECOG PS ≥2 (Up To 26 Months) ]
    The time from the date of randomization to the first date observing ECOG PS ≥2 (that is, deterioration from baseline status of 0 or 1). Participants without PS deterioration were censored at their last documented assessments of 0 or 1. ECOG Performance Status: 2- Ambulatory and capable of all selfcare but unable to carry out any work activities. Up and about more than 50% of waking hours, 3 -Capable of only limited selfcare, confined to bed or chair more than 50% of waking hours, 4 -Completely disabled. Cannot carry on any selfcare.Totally confined to bed or chair,5- Dead.

  10. Number of Participants With Anti-Ramucirumab Antibodies [ Time Frame: Predose Cycle 1 through 30 Days After Treatment Discontinuation (Up To 24 Months) ]
    Participants who developed treatment-emergent antibody responses to Ramucirumab postbaseline.

  11. Pharmacokinetics (PK): Maximum Observed Drug Concentration (Cmax) of Ramucirumab [ Time Frame: Cycle 1 Day 1: 1 hour (hr) end of infusion (EOI), Cycle 3 Day 1: 1hr EOI, Cycle 9 Day 1: 1 hr EOI ]
    Pharmacokinetics (PK): Pharmacokinetics (PK): Maximum Observed Drug Concentration (Cmax) of Ramucirumab

  12. PK: Minimum Concentration (Cmin) of Ramucirumab [ Time Frame: Cycle 1 Day 1: 1 hour (hr) end of infusion (EOI), Cycle 3 Day 1: 1hr EOI, Cycle 9 Day 1: 1 hr EOI ]
    Pharmacokinetics (PK): Minimum Concentration (Cmin) of Ramucirumab


Eligibility Criteria
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Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.


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Ages Eligible for Study:   18 Years and older   (Adult, Older Adult)
Sexes Eligible for Study:   All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:   No
Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Have a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma. All histologies of nonsquamous cell origin including undifferentiated gastric carcinoma are eligible.
  • Have not received any prior first-line systemic therapy (prior adjuvant or neo-adjuvant therapy is permitted). Participants whose disease has progressed after >12 months following the last dose of systemic treatment in the adjuvant/neoadjuvant setting are eligible.
  • Have measurable or nonmeasurable but evaluable disease determined using guidelines in Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, Version 1.1 (RECIST v 1.1). Baseline tumor assessment should be performed using a high resolution computed tomography (CT) scan using IV and oral contrast unless clinically contra-indicated. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is acceptable if a CT cannot be performed.
  • Have a performance status of 0 or 1 on the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scale at baseline.
  • Have adequate organ function.
  • Have baseline clinical and laboratory parameters that are consistent with the requirements prescribed in respective labels and are suitable for consideration of treatment with capecitabine (or 5-FU) and cisplatin (for example, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency).
  • Have an estimated life expectancy of ≥12 weeks in the judgment of the investigator.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Participants with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus are excluded.
  • Participants with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive status.
  • Participants receiving chronic therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents.
  • Have radiation therapy within 14 days prior to randomization.
  • Have documented brain metastases, leptomeningeal disease or uncontrolled spinal cord compression.
  • Have significant bleeding disorders, vasculitis, or had a significant bleeding episode from the gastrointestinal tract within 12 weeks prior to randomization.
  • Have experienced any arterial thromboembolic event, including myocardial infarction, unstable angina, cerebrovascular accident, or transient ischemic attack, within 6 months prior to randomization.
  • Have symptomatic congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association II-IV) or symptomatic or poorly controlled cardiac arrhythmia.
  • Have uncontrolled hypertension prior to initiating study treatment, despite antihypertensive intervention.
  • Have undergone major surgery within 28 days prior to randomization, or central venous access device placement within 7 days prior to first dose of study treatment, except if the procedure is minimally invasive (for example, introduction of peripherally inserted central catheter [PICC] line) and the investigator does not anticipate any significant bleeding.
  • Have a history of gastrointestinal perforation and/or fistulae within 6 months prior to randomization.
  • Have a history of inflammatory bowel disease or Crohn's disease requiring medical intervention (immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive medications or surgery) ≤12 months prior to randomization.
  • Have an acute or subacute bowel obstruction or history of chronic diarrhea which is considered clinically significant in the opinion of the investigator.

  • The participant has:

    • cirrhosis at a level of Child-Pugh B (or worse) or
    • cirrhosis (any degree) and a history of hepatic encephalopathy or clinically meaningful ascites resulting from cirrhosis. Clinically meaningful ascites is defined as ascites resulting from cirrhosis and requiring ongoing treatment with diuretics and/or paracentesis.
  • Have known allergy or hypersensitivity to any components of study treatment.
  • Are pregnant or lactating.
Contacts and Locations
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Information from the National Library of Medicine

To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT02314117


Locations
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Sponsors and Collaborators
Eli Lilly and Company
Investigators
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Study Director: Call 1-877-CTLILLY (1-877-285-4559) or 1-317-615-4559 Mon - Fri 9 AM - 5 PM Eastern time (UTC/GMT - 5 hours, EST) Eli Lilly and Company
More Information
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Additional Information:

Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):

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Responsible Party: Eli Lilly and Company
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02314117    
Other Study ID Numbers: 15372
I4T-MC-JVCU ( Other Identifier: Eli Lilly and Company )
2014-002240-40 ( EudraCT Number )
First Posted: December 10, 2014    Key Record Dates
Results First Posted: May 2, 2018
Last Update Posted: August 26, 2021
Last Verified: July 2021
Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement:
Plan to Share IPD: Yes
Plan Description: Anonymized individual patient level data will be provided in a secure access environment upon approval of a research proposal and a signed data sharing agreement.
Supporting Materials: Study Protocol
Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP)
Clinical Study Report (CSR)
Time Frame: Data are available 6 months after the primary publication and approval of the indication studied in the US and EU, whichever is later. Data will be indefinitely available for requesting.
Access Criteria: A research proposal must be approved by an independent review panel and researchers must sign a data sharing agreement.
URL: https://vivli.org/

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Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product: Yes
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product: No
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
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Adenocarcinoma
Esophageal Neoplasms
Carcinoma
Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial
Neoplasms by Histologic Type
Neoplasms
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms
Digestive System Neoplasms
Neoplasms by Site
Head and Neck Neoplasms
Digestive System Diseases
Esophageal Diseases
Gastrointestinal Diseases
Capecitabine
 Fluorouracil
Ramucirumab
Antineoplastic Agents
Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic
Antimetabolites
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
Immunosuppressive Agents
Immunologic Factors
Physiological Effects of Drugs
Angiogenesis Inhibitors
Angiogenesis Modulating Agents
Growth Substances
Growth Inhibitors